4.2 FRQ

In recent years, voters in several states, including Colorado and Michigan, have approved ballot measures creating independent commissions to handle the post-census process of redrawing electoral districts. About a quarter of U.S. states have given a commission either full or partial authority in redistricting.

—Joseph Ax and Andrew Chung, “Electoral map bias may worsen as U.S. gerrymandering battle shifts to states,” Reuters, June 29, 2019

Question 1

Short answer
Describe the proposals mentioned in the scenario.

Question 2

Short answer
Explain how the proposals described in part A could impact the incumbency advantage in the House of Representatives.

Question 3

Short answer
Explain a reason, other than gerrymandering, why incumbents in the House of Representatives are reelected at higher rates than incumbents in the Senate.

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