Geological Time: Lesson 1 Review
Question 1
Which principle proposed by James Hutton rejected the idea of catastrophic events shaping Earth's history?
Principle of Superposition
Principle of Uniformitarianism
Principle of Lateral Continuity
Principle of Original Horizontality
Question 2
What is the main idea behind the principle of uniformitarianism?
Earth's history is shaped by catastrophic events.
Geological processes today are similar to those in the past.
Earth's surface remains unchanged over time.
The age of rocks can be determined by their position in the rock layers.
Question 3
How does relative-age dating help determine the order of geologic events?
By comparing the age of rocks to other rocks nearby.
By studying the composition of rocks.
By analyzing the fossils found in the rocks.
By measuring the radioactive decay of rocks.
Question 4
According to the principle of superposition, where are the oldest rocks found in undisturbed rock layers?
At the top
In the middle
At the bottom
Throughout the layers
Question 5
What can cause rock layers to tilt or fold?
Erosion
Deposition
Tectonic activity
Weathering
Question 6
How does the principle of lateral continuity help us understand rock formations?
It helps determine the relative ages of rock layers.
It explains how fossils are formed.
It shows how rocks are eroded over time.
It helps identify the boundaries of different rock formations.
Question 7
According to the principle of cross-cutting relationships, if a geologic feature cuts across another, it is considered:
Older
Younger
Unrelated
Fossilized
Question 8
What does the principle of inclusions tell us about the age of rocks?
Pieces of one rock found within another indicate the inclusion is younger.
Pieces of one rock found within another indicate the inclusion is older.
The age of rocks can be determined by their color.
The age of rocks can be determined by their size.
Question 9
What are fossils?
Preserved remains and evidence of ancient life
Ancient artifacts left by humans
Rock formations found in caves
Natural minerals formed over time
Question 10
How can fossils help us understand changes in Earth's biodiversity over time?
By providing information about ancient climates
By showing the progression from simple to complex organisms
By explaining the formation of rock layers
By revealing the age of the Earth
Question 11
What can a trilobite fossil tell us about ancient oceans?
The temperature of the water
The depth of the water
The presence of other organisms
The salinity of the water
Question 12
How do fossils help us infer the environments where ancient organisms lived?
By providing information about the climate
By showing the types of plants and animals present
By indicating the presence of water
By revealing the location of ancient cities
Question 13
What do fossils from periods of shallow seas help us reconstruct?
Ancient mountains
Ancient forests
Ancient seafloors
Ancient deserts
Question 14
How can changes in climate be tracked through the fossil record?
By analyzing the size of the fossils
By studying the composition of the fossils
By comparing the fossils to modern organisms
By measuring the radioactive decay of the fossils
Question 15
What might a woolly mammoth fossil indicate about climate?
Warmer climate in the past
Colder climate in the past
No change in climate over time
Tropical climate in the past
Question 16
Geologic time tells the story of Earth's history over approximately how many years?
1 million years
10 million years
100 million years
1 billion years
Question 17
Which principle helps determine the relative ages of rock layers by comparing their positions?
Principle of Superposition
Principle of Uniformitarianism
Principle of Lateral Continuity
Principle of Original Horizontality
Question 18
Why is the principle of superposition important in relative-age dating?
It helps determine the absolute age of rocks.
It helps determine the order of geologic events.
It helps identify the types of fossils present.
It helps determine the climate at the time of rock formation.
Question 19
How do fossils provide clues to Earth's past environments and climates?
By revealing the age of the Earth
By showing the progression of life forms
By indicating changes in biodiversity
By preserving ancient organisms
Question 20
What can we learn from studying rocks and fossils?
The history of Earth's climate
The age of the Earth
The types of organisms that lived in the past
The composition of ancient oceans
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