7.7 Changes in Employment Sectors

Group 1

• An increase in manufacturing jobs
• A decline in manufacturing jobs
• A rise in agricultural employment
• An increase in industrial jobs
• A decline in service sector jobs

• High tariffs on imported goods
• Strict labor laws
• Tax incentives to attract foreign investment
• Focus on agricultural production
• Limited access to international markets

• Increased manufacturing in core countries
• Higher wages in newly industrialized countries
• The creation of export processing zones (EPZs)
• Decreased global trade
• A decline in service sector jobs

• Centralized manufacturing processes
• Mass production of standardized goods
• Flexible production and global outsourcing
• Focus on agricultural output
• Decreased use of technology

• Economies of scale
• Agglomeration
• Just-in-time delivery
• Outsourcing
• Multiplier effects

• Large inventory storage
• Mass production ahead of demand
• Production in response to consumer demand
• High transportation costs
• Focus on agricultural goods

• Decreased need for skilled labor
• Agglomeration economies in regions like Silicon Valley
• Reduction in global trade
• Focus on primary sector activities
• Decline in service sector jobs

• The reduction of jobs due to automation
• The creation of additional jobs as a result of one new job
• A decrease in consumer spending
• The consolidation of industries
• The outsourcing of manufacturing jobs

• Lack of infrastructure
• Presence of high-tech industries and skilled labor
• Focus on agricultural production
• High unemployment rates
• Limited access to global markets

• Increased costs due to small-scale production
• Reduced costs per unit due to large-scale production
• Higher prices due to increased demand
• Decreased efficiency in large companies
• Focus on local markets