AP Success - AP Human Geography: Comprehensive Set 2
Question 1
Based on the pie charts depicting labor force by occupation, which statement best summarizes the economic structure of the two unnamed countries?
Labor Force by Occupation.
The country on the right has diversified its economy more than the country on the left, given the more equal distribution of labor across sectors.
Both countries show a labor force primarily engaged in services, indicating advanced economic structures.
The country represented by the left pie chart has a predominantly service-based economy, while the country on the right has an economy focused on agriculture.
The country represented by the left pie chart is likely in an earlier stage of economic development than the country on the right, as indicated by the higher percentage of agricultural workers.
Industry is the dominant sector in both countries, suggesting a post-industrial economic stage.
Question 2
Considering the labor distribution shown in the pie charts, which development policies would be most appropriate for each country?
Labor Force by Occupation.
The country on the left should implement technology to increase agricultural efficiency, while the country on the right should emphasize industrial training programs.
The country on the left should focus on industrialization to reduce reliance on agriculture, while the country on the right should develop policies to support the service sector.
Both countries should implement policies to shift their workforce toward the industry sector to balance the labor force distribution.
The country on the right should invest in agricultural development due to its minimal representation in the labor force.
The country on the left should focus on improving the technology in the service sector, while the country on the right should increase investment in agriculture to support the dominant service sector.
Question 3
Urban sprawl in developing countries often results in:
Increased investments in vertical farming and urban agriculture
The preservation of green belts and agricultural land around cities
Improved soil fertility due to decreased industrial pollution
The conversion of prime agricultural land to residential and commercial uses
Enhanced rural-urban migration to undeveloped areas
Question 4
The creation of an autonomous region within a centralized state is proposed as a solution to longstanding ethnic tensions. This region would have its own government but remain part of the larger state. Which of the following outcomes is a potential risk associated with this arrangement?
The autonomous region might pursue policies that are in direct conflict with the central government, leading to further tensions.
The autonomous region could experience a rapid increase in population density as people from the majority group migrate there seeking autonomy.
The move might create a precedent that encourages other groups within the state to seek similar autonomous status, potentially fragmenting the state further.
The central government may significantly increase its military expenditures to maintain control over the autonomous region.
The establishment of an autonomous region could lead to a decrease in foreign investment due to perceived political instability.
Question 5
A government encourages the celebration of multiple cultural traditions and festivals as a national policy. This initiative is aimed at promoting:
Assimilation
Segregation
Cultural divergence
Nationalism
Cultural pluralism
Question 6
If a country exhibits a high level of gender disparity in education, what might be an unintended demographic consequence?
A decrease in the total dependency ratio
An increase in the sex ratio at birth
A rise in maternal mortality rates
A decline in the average household size
A fall in the crude death rate
Question 7
The "Kuznets curve" hypothesis in environmental geography suggests that:
Economic development leads to sustainable environmental practices from the outset.
Environmental concerns are irrelevant to the stages of economic development.
There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development and environmental degradation.
Environmental degradation increases linearly with economic development.
Developed countries experience higher levels of environmental degradation than developing countries.
Question 8
A city experiences rapid suburban expansion resulting in the development of several self-sufficient communities on the outskirts with their own shopping and business districts. This phenomenon is best described as:
Infill urbanism
Urban renewal
Urban sprawl
Exurbanization
Edge city development
Question 9
Considering the global shift towards smart cities, which feature is least likely to be a priority in the planning of a smart city?
Autonomous public transportation systems
Increased green spaces and pedestrian zones
High-speed broadband and Wi-Fi availability throughout the city
Implementation of IoT (Internet of Things) technologies for city management
Expansion of heavy industrial zones within city limits
Question 10
The adoption of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture has directly impacted rural land use by:
Reducing the efficacy of traditional crop rotation methods
Facilitating the return of land to its natural, wilderness state
Decreasing the amount of land needed for traditional crops
Increasing biodiversity within monoculture farming systems
Encouraging small-scale, organic farming practices
Question 11
Which of the following best describes the difference between a unitary and a federal system of government?
Federal systems require a monarch as the head of state, while unitary systems do not.
Federal systems are found exclusively in large countries, while unitary systems are found in smaller countries.
Unitary systems do not allow for the existence of subnational units of government.
A unitary system is democratic, whereas a federal system may not be democratic.
In a unitary system, power is concentrated at the national level, while a federal system distributes power between national and subnational entities.
Question 12
According to the Multiple Nuclei Model, which area is typically characterized by a higher rate of gentrification?
Multiple Nuclei Model.
Wholesale, light manufacturing
Heavy manufacturing
Residential suburb
Outlying business district
Central business district
Question 13
The Multiple Nuclei Model explains that a city develops with various centers of activities. Which of the following urban developments is best explained by this model?
Multiple Nuclei Model.
The clustering of medical services around a major hospital
The division of a city into residential zoning only
The linear development of industrial areas along transportation routes
The concentration of financial services in a central business district
The decentralization of retail districts into suburban areas
Question 14
How does the Multiple Nuclei Model address the limitations of the Concentric Zone Model and the Sector Model of urban structure?
Multiple Nuclei Model.
By illustrating the development of specialized nodes around which particular types of activities cluster
By emphasizing the importance of a single dominant center in urban development
By highlighting the social stratification present in urban areas
By suggesting that heavy manufacturing should be centrally located in urban areas
By recognizing that outlying business districts do not influence urban patterns
Question 15
Which cultural phenomenon is most likely to contribute to the sense of place in a historic city center?
The influx of non-local residents leading to gentrification
The uniformity of architectural styles across neighborhoods
The prevalence of international fast-food chains
The presence of locally owned businesses and artisan shops
The adaptation of global fashion trends by local residents
Question 16
The pro-natalist policies in some European countries have been largely ineffective. What additional measures might governments consider to raise the birth rate?
Increasing military spending
Investing in rural agricultural development
Increasing the retirement age
Expanding childcare services and parental leave benefits
Providing free university education
Question 17
The term "demographic dividend" refers to a period when:
Population growth stalls, leading to economic stagnation.
The proportion of working-age population is high relative to the dependent population.
A country's fertility rate falls below its mortality rate, leading to population decline.
A country experiences rapid population growth due to high fertility rates.
The dependency ratio is balanced by increases in immigration.
Question 18
The deliberate destruction of cultural heritage sites in conflict zones is an example of:
Cultural appropriation
Cultural revival
Cultural diffusion
Cultural cleansing
Cultural integration
Question 19
The boundary between the United States and Canada is an example of a(n):
Geometric boundary
Subsequent boundary
Antecedent boundary
Relict boundary
Superimposed boundary
Question 20
The push for biofuels has led to changes in agricultural land use by:
Decreasing the amount of land devoted to food crops in favor of energy crops
Encouraging the expansion of organic farming practices
Reducing deforestation rates in tropical regions
Increasing the diversity of crops within polyculture systems
Diminishing the global carbon footprint of agriculture
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