AP Success - AP Human Geography: Comprehensive Set 8
Question 1
Urban sprawl is most likely to result in which of the following?
Increased reliance on public transportation
Loss of agricultural land
Reduction in carbon emissions
Greater socioeconomic integration within urban areas
Decreased dependency on automobiles
Question 2
Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of a nation-state?
A country with a diverse population consisting of numerous ethnic groups
A confederation of states with a weak central government
A stateless nation spread across several countries
A multinational state with more than one dominant nation within its borders
A country whose political boundaries coincide with its cultural boundaries
Question 3
The process of redistricting can significantly impact political representation within a country. Which of the following redistricting practices is most likely to result in "packing," thereby diminishing the political influence of a particular minority group?
Establishing districts based on historical territorial claims of different ethnic groups
Randomly assigning territories to districts without regard to demographic composition
Designing districts to include large majorities of the minority group
Creating districts that reflect the proportional distribution of the population
Aligning district boundaries to follow natural geographic features like rivers
Question 4
Which of the following best illustrates the impact of globalization on urban landscapes?
The declining significance of central business districts due to telecommuting
The spread of slums on the outskirts of cities in developing countries
The standardization of suburban development practices worldwide
The emergence of global cities as nodes in the world economy
The proliferation of ethnic enclaves in megacities reflecting patterns of immigration
Question 5
A city implements a new public transportation system designed to reduce traffic congestion and carbon emissions. This change primarily reflects which of the following geographical concepts?
Environmental determinism
Urban sustainability
Demographic transition
Gentrification
Cultural diffusion
Question 6
In the context of the epidemiological transition model, the shift from "pestilence and famine" to "degenerative diseases" is most closely associated with changes in which of the following?
Urban planning and housing developments
Birth and death registration systems
Migration patterns and genetic diversity
Health insurance models and pharmaceutical advancements
Dietary habits and public health infrastructure
Question 7
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Rostow's stages of economic growth?
Pre-conditions for take-off
The drive to maturity
The post-service economy
The age of high mass consumption
Traditional society
Question 8
What is the primary characteristic of a primate city?
It has a diversified economy with a focus on service sectors
It is the political capital and not necessarily the largest city
It is the largest city in a country and twice as large as the next largest city.
It contains the primary airport and rail stations of the country
It is located centrally within a country for equitable access
Question 9
In a multiethnic state, tensions arise when one ethnic group seeks greater political autonomy. Such a movement is likely to rely on which geographic concept to justify its goals?
Cultural diffusion
Centrifugal forces
Territoriality
Placelessness
Spatial interaction
Question 10
A culture's traditional gender roles are evolving due to external influences and internal reforms. This change is most likely to have which immediate impact on settlement patterns?
The emergence of gender-segregated neighborhoods
An increase in the availability of single-gender educational institutions
Changes in residential patterns reflecting the new economic roles of women
The development of new architectural styles reflecting traditional gender norms
A decrease in mixed-gender interactions in public spaces
Question 11
"Linguistic relativity" suggests that:
The relative simplicity or complexity of a language determines its speakers' cognitive abilities.
Linguistic structures have no significant impact on the cognition of their speakers.
Languages evolve in relative isolation from each other, leading to linguistic diversity.
Language shapes our perception of reality and thus influences our thought processes.
Language diversity is a barrier to effective communication and understanding among cultures.
Question 12
Which of the following best defines "deindustrialization"?
The expansion of the service sector
The process by which industrial activity in a region declines.
The development of new industrial sectors.
The increase in global manufacturing output.
The shift towards renewable energy sources.
Question 13
What revision to the original Heartland Theory is depicted in the second map that includes the Black and Baltic Seas?
Reduction of the Heartland's territorial extent due to political changes
Expansion to include additional strategic maritime access points
Inclusion of non-contiguous territories as part of the Heartland
Exclusion of the Pivot Area as a central focus of the theory
Emphasis on air power over land-based power
Question 14
The area identified in the second map as Mackinder's Heartland is geopolitically important because it:
Contains the majority of the world's nuclear arsenals
Is the intersection of the majority of global trade routes
Forms the cultural and economic heart of the global system
Is isolated from sea access by the Rimland states
Has historically been the center of Eurasian conflicts
Question 15
Mackinder's Heartland Theory suggests that land-based power is crucial for world dominance. Which feature of the map most directly supports this claim?
The surrounding mountain ranges providing natural fortifications
The proximity of the area to the equator and hence tropical resources
The large, unbroken mass of land in Eurasia
The dense network of rivers across the territory
The marked boundaries indicating divided political control
Question 16
Given the increasing concerns over climate change and its impact on global economies, a country with a significant portion of its GDP derived from fossil fuel exports begins to explore sustainable energy sources. In the context of global economic development trends and environmental sustainability, which of the following approaches would most likely ensure long-term economic stability and growth for the country?
Maintaining current levels of fossil fuel exports while offsetting carbon emissions through international carbon credit trading.
Increasing fossil fuel production to capitalize on current demand while investing in nuclear energy as a transitional power source.
Investing heavily in renewable energy technologies and infrastructure while gradually reducing dependence on fossil fuel exports.
Diversifying the economy by developing the service sector, particularly focusing on eco-tourism and digital services.
Collaborating with multinational corporations to develop geoengineering solutions that allow continued fossil fuel use.
Question 17
In a city experiencing rapid gentrification, which of the following strategies would most effectively mitigate displacement of long-standing, lower-income residents?
Offering tax incentives for developers to include affordable housing units
Expanding the footprint of industrial zones to increase job opportunities
Encouraging the development of high-end condos and luxury apartments
Reducing public investment in infrastructure improvements in gentrifying neighborhoods
Implementing strict zoning laws that limit the height of new buildings
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