Intro to Geography

   Studying People
The study of humans and their lives has become a major aspect of modern geography. In fact, the geographical study of people is such a huge field that it must be broken down into categories. One of the categories, settlement patterns, connects closely with physical geography. The study of settlement patterns deals with where people have chosen to live and work: for example, how many people are in cities versus rural areas?

The social aspect of geography involves studying facts and statistics about the people in a region. One of the most important numbers is the population, or the number of people in a place. From there, geographers can break down the population into the languages they speak or the religions they may practice. Geographers can also study other basic trends among a population, such as its most common forms of education.

Geography also takes into account broader ideas about humans and their work. For example, geographers often explore human economies, or the use of money. Studies might examine the most common jobs in a region or how much on average people earn. In addition, geographers also look at the political life in an area, or the way governments use their powers or divide the land. These factors all can show important truths about people in different places.

Studying Geography
The original use of geography was physical geography, or the study of objects on Earth and where they are located. Earth contains billions of physical elements that can be studied and described geographically. The largest of these are continents and oceans, the enormous bodies of land and water that cover Earth’s surface. These areas contain countless features that geographers have mapped, ranging from mountains and lakes to islands and reefs.

Natural geography goes beyond land and water, however. It includes natural forces, such as weather and climate. Weather refers to how hot or cold a day is and whether it is raining, snowing, and so on. Climate deals with the long-term weather over years, decades, or longer. 
Geographers regularly study how these natural factors vary from place to place and what effects they have. In addition, geographers study biotic, or living, factors of nature such as the animals and plants that thrive in a given location.