LS MISA Practice - Session 1a
This assignment is for grades 9-12 and covers Life and Physical Sciences. Read the provided information and use it to answer the questions. The assignment includes background on limb and wing variations in water striders, gene expression data, and experimental results on survival and reproduction.
Group 1
Read the following information and use it to answer the questions about limb and wing variations, gene expression, and survival/reproduction in water striders.
Source 1.1
Limb Variations in Water Striders
Water striders are a class of insects that can live on land and on water. Water striders are unique in that they can jump vertically from water surfaces. Male water striders differ from females in the size of their limbs, as shown in the diagram.
Limb 2 helps water striders paddle and limb 3 helps with jumping. In some male water striders, limb 3 is extremely long, which helps them jump higher and farther. The expression of two genes, the Ubx and BMP11 genes, controls limb growth. The model shows the interaction of the BMP11 and Ubx genes in water striders.
Scientists measured the expression of the BMP11 and Ubx genes in female and male water striders during limb growth. The graphs show the collected data.
Source 1.2
Winged and Wingless Water Striders
Water striders also exhibit differences in their wings. Some have wings and others do not. While wings allow the water striders to travel to different habitats, the weight of the wings can make the water striders move more slowly. During summer, water striders live in aquatic habitats, but the insects hibernate as the weather gets cold. In the spring, water striders emerge from hibernation and mate.
Scientists studied the survival rates of winged and wingless water striders after hibernation. Scientists collected water striders from a pond. The water striders were kept in moist containers at 6°C for 30 days. The containers simulated the natural hibernation environment. Scientists counted the number of surviving water striders at the end of the 30 days. They also recorded the wing type and gender at this time.
Source 1.3
| Sex | Condition | Wing Type: Winged | Wing Type: Wingless |
|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Alive | 27 | 48 |
| Males | Dead | 12 | 0 |
| Females | Alive | 51 | 51 |
| Females | Dead | 4 | 15 |
| Total | 83 | 126 |
Scientists also compared the reproductive abilities of winged and wingless water striders. They observed 30 winged and 30 wingless females. Scientists recorded the number of eggs laid by the females for 13 days after fertilization.
| Days Eggs Were Collected | Total Number of Eggs Laid: Winged | Total Number of Eggs Laid: Wingless |
|---|---|---|
| 1-8 | 0 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 | 49 |
| 10 | 41 | 45 |
| 11 | 111 | 174 |
| 12 | 36 | 152 |
| 13 | 156 | 102 |
| Total | 353 | 522 |
Source 1.4
Graphs:
- Ubx Gene Expression: Bar graph showing relative gene expression in limbs 1, 2, and 3 for males and females.
- BMP11 Gene Expression: Bar graph showing relative gene expression in limbs 1, 2, and 3 for males and females.
LS MISA practice - Session 1a, Page 3
Question 1a
Which question’s answer would provide the most information on the role of the BMP11 gene in limb growth in water striders?
Question 1b
Which question did scientists most likely ask to determine the role of the Ubx gene in water striders?
Question 1c
Which statement compares gene expression in limb 3?
Question 1d
The following question has 2 parts. Complete both Part A and Part B.
4A. Which question about the expression of the BMP11 gene would provide information about limb development in water striders?
Question 1e
4B. Which question about the expression of the BMP11 and Ubx genes would provide information about limb growth?
Question 1f
Based on the Eggs Laid by Water Striders table, which statements describe the effect of wing type on the reproductive ability of water striders? Select two that apply.
Question 1g
Use data analysis to determine if the winged trait has a positive or negative effect on the survival and reproduction of water striders. Enter your answer in the space provided.
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