AP Success - AP Biology Conceptual Analysis: Systems Interact - Plant Structure

In a recent study, scientists observed that a certain species of desert cactus, the Saguaro, can survive in extremely dry conditions, where water is scarce. They also noted that the Saguaro has a thick, waxy skin and a deep root system that spreads out widely.

Describe the structure of the Saguaro cactus that allows it to survive in these harsh conditions.

Explain how the structure of the Saguaro cactus contributes to its ability to conserve water and survive in a desert environment.

Predict what might happen to the Saguaro cactus if the desert were to receive an unusually high amount of rainfall over a short period of time.

Scientists claim that the Saguaro cactus's structural adaptations, such as its thick skin and extensive root system, are the result of evolution driven by the harsh desert environment. However, recent genetic studies have found that some Saguaro cacti in less arid regions also exhibit these same structural features. How would you reconcile this new data with the original claim?