LS MISA Practice - Session 2a
Instructions Read the following information. Use the information to answer the questions.
Group 1
Use the information in the passages, diagrams, and tables to answer the following questions.
Source 1.1
Peaches and Nectarines
Peaches are grown in many parts of Maryland and have been studied by scientists because of a unique genetic difference between peaches and nectarines. Peaches have a fuzzy coating on the skin and nectarines have a smooth skin. Cultivated peaches originated in China about 4,000–5,000 years ago. Nectarines appeared about 2,000 years ago. The diagram shows the parts of a peach.
Source 1.2
A mutation in a single gene, labeled MYB25, controls the production of the hair like structures that create peach fuzz. The insertion of an extra segment of genetic material into MYB25 results in the smooth skin of nectarines. The model shows the difference between the normal and mutated MYB25 gene.
Source 1.3
Family Rosaceae
Peaches belong to a large family of flowering plants called Rosaceae, which contains about 3,000 different species. Rosaceae includes common fleshy fruits such as apples and peaches. The fruit is key to the evolutionary success of Rosaceae. It protects the seeds and helps seed dispersal by animals, wind, and water. The table shows the characteristics of some common species from the Rosaceae family.
LS MISA practice - Session 2a, Page 2 of 6
Source 1.4
Plant Skin Seed Number of Seeds/Fruit Number of Flower Petals Apple smooth smooth 5+ 5 Apricot groove rough 1 5 Peach groove rough 1 5 Almond groove rough 1 5 Cherry groove smooth 1 5
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Source 1.5
Scientists used gene sequences to determine that Rosaceae likely evolved from ancestors with dry fruits and grain-like seeds. These dry fruits have a single seed loosely attached to a stalk. The scientists concluded that the evolution of Rosaceae was likely driven by environmental factors and whole genome duplications. Whole genome duplication is an event commonly seen in land plants. An additional copy of the entire genome is created in a cell. This process provides genetic material that may result in new gene functions. The diagram shows a partial phylogenetic tree for the Rosaceae family.
Source 1.6
Amino Acid Sequences
Studying the evolution of specific traits often focuses on molecules that perform the same function in a wide variety of organisms. A group of scientists compared the transport molecules in the Rosaceae family to barley, which is a grass. The table shows a portion of a sequence of amino acids from several Rosaceae plants compared to barley.
LS MISA practice - Session 2a, Page 3 of 6
Source 1.7
Plant Amino Acid Location: 47–52 Amino Acid Location: 53–58 Apple ACNCLK NLAGSI Apricot ACNCLK QLSGSI Peach ACNCLK QLSASV Cherry ACNCLK QLSASV Barley VCNCLK GIARGI
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Source 1.8
KEY A- Alanine C- Cysteine N- Asparagine L- Leucine K- Lysine Q- Glutamine G- Glycine I- Isoleucine S- Serine V- Valine
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Question 1a
The seed of the cotton plant, known as cottonseed, has long hair-like structures that are very similar to the short fuzz on a peach. Which additional evidence best supports the scientists’ conclusion that the MYB25 gene controls the production of hair-like structures on peach skin?
Question 1b
Which statement best explains the formation of the skin and seeds of an apple, as shown in the Rosaceae Characteristics table?
Question 1c
Which statement explains the formation of smooth skin in nectarines?
Question 1d
Which statement best explains the reason nectarines are considered a type of peach?
Question 1e
Patterns in amino acid sequences provide evidence for common ancestry and evolutionary descent. Complete both Part A and Part B for Question 5.
5A Part A Based on the amino acid sequence data, which amino acids in barley support common ancestry between grasses and the Rosaceae family?
Question 1f
5B Part B Based on the amino acid sequence data, which amino acids in peach support the divergence of peach trees from apple trees during their evolution?
Question 1g
Identify and communicate the connections between multiple lines of evidence to support the claim of common ancestry for members of the Rosaceae family.
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