Understanding Mutations and Inherited Variations
This assignment will explore how mutations in DNA can lead to inherited variations. You will learn about different types of mutations, their causes, and their effects on genetic traits.
Group 1
Review the provided DNA and mRNA sequences to understand how mutations can alter amino acid sequences.
Wild Type DNA: TAC CAC CCC GCC ATC Wild Type mRNA: AUG GUG GGG CGG UAG Amino acids: Met - Val - Gly - Arg - Stop Mutated DNA: TAC GAC CCC GCC ATC Mutated mRNA: AUG CUG GGG CGG UAG Amino acids: Met - Leu - Gly - Arg - Stop
Question 1a
What is the effect of the mutation in the provided DNA sequence?
It changes the amino acid sequence from Val to Leu.
It changes the amino acid sequence from Gly to Arg.
It introduces a stop codon earlier in the sequence.
It has no effect on the amino acid sequence.
Question 1b
Explain how a mutation in a gamete can lead to inherited variations.
Group 2
Consider the environmental and genetic factors that can cause mutations.
Question 2a
Which of the following is NOT a cause of mutations?
Sunlight exposure
X-ray radiation
Inherited DNA
Drinking water
Question 2b
Describe one way to prevent exposure to mutagens.
Group 3
Explore how specific mutations can lead to genetic disorders.
"Royal" Hemophilia is caused by a mutation that makes a protein that is not effective at clotting blood. It is a recessive allele on the X chromosome (h).
Question 3a
Why do heterozygous females (X^H X^h) not get hemophilia?
They have two X chromosomes, both with the mutated allele.
They have one normal allele that compensates for the mutated one.
They do not have the gene for hemophilia.
They have a different mutation that prevents the disease.
Question 3b
Explain why males with one X chromosome (X^h Y^0) are more likely to express hemophilia.
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