Bonding, Structure, and Energy in Chemical Substances

This assignment will help you explore the structure of substances, the strength of electrical forces between particles, and the importance of molecular-level structure in the functioning of materials. You will also develop your understanding of energy changes in chemical reactions based on bond energy. Answer all questions as clearly and concisely as possible.

Answer the following short answer questions based on your knowledge of chemical bonding and structure.

Contrast a covalent bond to an ionic bond.

Describe the typical physical properties of substances that have metallic, network, ionic, and covalent bonds.

Explain why ionic solids have higher melting points than covalent solids. (For example, NaF has a melting point of 995°C while water has a melting point of 0°C.)

Explain the changes in potential energy (due to electrostatic interactions) as a chemical bond forms and use this to explain why bond breaking always requires energy.

For each of the following, select the correct type of bond by marking with an “I” for Ionic Bond, a “C” for Covalent Bond, an “M” for Metallic Bond, and an “N” for Network Bond.

Bonds with the highest melting point.

Bonds with the highest thermal conductivity.

Bonds with the highest electrical conductivity.

Bonds that are the hardest.

For each of the following, select the correct type of bond by marking with an “I” for Ionic Bond, a “C” for Covalent Bond, an “M” for Metallic Bond, and an “N” for Network Bond.

Bond between an atom on the left side of the periodic table to an atom on the right side of the periodic table.

Bond between an atom in the middle of the periodic table with an atom of the same kind.

Bond between any two atoms in which the electronegativity difference is less than 2.1.

Bond between many Boron atoms.

Complete each statement below by writing in the correct term or phrase.

Bond __________ is defined as the distance between two atoms at their minimum potential energy.

Bond __________ is defined as the energy needed to break the chemical bond between two atoms and separate them.

Answer the following questions as concisely as you can.

Explain the connection between bond length and bond energy.

Explain why it is necessary for a molecule to absorb energy in order to break a chemical bond.