AP Success - AP World History: Historical View of Rwandan Genocide

"Almost immediately after President Habyarimana was killed, in Kigali the Presidential Guard began the systematic execution of prominent Tutsi and moderate Hutus sympathetic to reconciliation. Multiple sources indicate that the violence by the Presidential Guard and various youth militias was not spontaneous, but was directed by high-level officials within the interim government. It appeals that, in addition to the random massacres of Tutsis by Hutu militias and individuals, there is an organized, parallel effort of genocide being implemented by the army to destroy the leadership of the Tutsi community . . . It continues to rate out of control."
Rwanda: The Rwandan Patriotic Front's Offensive, Key Judgements, 9 May 1994

Question 1

Multiple choice
According to the source, what was the immediate trigger for the systematic executions that began in Kigali?
  • A coup d'état by the Tutsi minority

  • The killing of President Habyarimana

  • International sanctions against Rwanda

  • The invasion of the Rwandan Patriotic Front

Question 2

Multiple choice
The source describes the violence perpetrated by the Presidential Guard and youth militias as:
  • A result of long-standing ethnic tensions

  • Directed by high-level officials within the interim government

  • Spontaneous and uncoordinated

  • An act of self-defense against Tutsi aggression

Question 3

Multiple choice
What does the source suggest about the nature of the violence against the Tutsi community?
  • It was a response to Tutsi-led violence

  • It was an organized effort of genocide

  • It was primarily economically motivated

  • It was a series of isolated incidents

Question 4

Multiple choice
The term 'parallel effort' in the source most likely indicates that:
  • There were both random massacres and targeted killings of Tutsi leadership

  • International efforts to stop the genocide were occurring simultaneously

  • The violence was mirrored in neighboring countries

  • The Tutsi and Hutu communities were equally responsible for the violence

Question 5

Multiple choice
The source's description of the violence as 'rating out of control' implies that:
  • Controlled measures were being taken to reduce the violence

  • The situation was deteriorating beyond the ability of authorities to manage it

  • The international community was actively rating the severity of the conflict

  • The violence was being systematically recorded and analyzed

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