Final Exam: Continuities and Changes in World History (1750–1945)

Group 1

Group 2

• It reduced federal involvement in western lands.
• It allowed settlers and goods to move more quickly across the country, helping western communities grow and industries expand.
• It slowed settlement in the West because transportation became too expensive.
• It had little impact on migration or economic activity outside of rail construction.

• They wanted to join industrial labor unions.
• They opposed industrial growth in eastern cities but supported settlement on their lands.
• They wanted to defend their land, culture, and sovereignty against federal and settler encroachment.
• They were primarily concerned with immigration policies on the East Coast.

• Urban populations declined as more people moved to rural areas.
• Cities grew rapidly as factories attracted workers, creating crowded neighborhoods and new social challenges.
• Industrialization had no significant impact on city size or organization.
• Industrialization caused cities to adopt primarily agricultural economies.

• Workers created unions to reduce factory production and close industries.
• Labor unions primarily focused on promoting business profits rather than worker conditions.
• Workers organized to demand safer working conditions, reasonable hours, and fair wages from employers.
• Labor unions were mainly formed to increase immigration into urban areas.

• Immigrants provided a growing labor force for factories
• Immigrants reduced factory output.
• Immigrants avoided industrial jobs.
• Immigrants caused businesses to relocate overseas.

• The U.S. ended economic expansion efforts.
• The U.S. reduced its military presence.
• The U.S. consistently avoided foreign involvement.
• The U.S. continued to expand its influence and control over new territories.

• The U.S. rejected global trade.
• The U.S. ended military involvement overseas.
• The U.S. focused only on domestic issues.
• The U.S. expanded its influence beyond its borders.

• Imperialism conflicted with ideals of self-government.
• Overseas territories reduced immigration.
• Expansion strengthened democratic values
• Imperialism eliminated economic competition.

• Expansion reduced industrial production.
• Railroads discouraged factory development.
• Industrial growth created demand for raw materials and new markets.
• Cities declined as the West expanded.

• Desire to return to farming
• Response to social problems caused by rapid change
• Fear of foreign nations
• Decline in population growth

• Economic growth benefited all Americans equally.
• Government avoided involvement in economic development.
• Expansion eliminated social conflict.
• Expansion and industrialization increased opportunity but also deepened inequality.

• They faced discrimination despite contributing to economic growth.
• They controlled railroad companies.
• They gained political power quickly.
• They avoided dangerous labor.

• Both policies were motivated by a desire to acquire land and resources, but imperialism extended U.S. influence internationally.
• Westward expansion decreased government involvement, while imperialism avoided economic considerations.
• Expansion ended conflict, while imperialism caused domestic economic collapse.
• Imperialism relied entirely on volunteer settlers, while westward expansion relied on forced relocation

• They thought industrialists should solve social problems voluntarily.
• They wanted to limit government involvement in cities and factories.
• They believed that unregulated industrialization created social problems that could only be addressed through law and policy.
• They were mainly interested in foreign policy and expansion.

• Labor union members seeking higher wages and safer working conditions at home.
• Industrial business leaders who hoped to gain new markets for goods and investment opportunities abroad.
• Native American tribal leaders concerned with preserving land and sovereignty.
• Farmers on the western frontier who opposed any federal involvement.

• Industrial growth reduced the U.S.’s interest in foreign trade and markets.
• Industrialization slowed overseas expansion because most investment remained domestic.
• Industrialization created a need for raw materials and new markets, encouraging imperial expansion abroad.
• There was no connection between industrial growth and foreign policy decisions.

• Progressive reforms ended all social and economic problems in the United States.
• Reform laws eliminated immigration and factory work entirely.
• Progressive efforts guaranteed equal wealth distribution for all Americans.
• While laws like the Pure Food and Drug Act improved consumer safety, many workers still experienced low wages and unsafe conditions.

• Economic prosperity and equality reduced the need for government intervention.
• Public exposure to unsafe working conditions, corruption, and social inequalities convinced citizens that government action was necessary.
• Immigration restrictions eliminated social problems in cities.
• Urban populations declined, so there were fewer problems to solve.