APWH PACING PRACTICE - Unit 3 & 4 (1450-1750)

Group 1

• Designed to educate and train Indians in European trades and crafts.
• Focused on agricultural activities that were familiar to the Indians.
• Light and manageable, with ample time for rest.
• Excessive and coupled with forced work in the mines.

• Their mission was primarily focused on scientific and geographical exploration.
• They successfully converted the entire Indian population to Christianity.
• There was a stark contrast between their proclaimed mission and their actual practices.
• They were welcomed by the Indians as liberators from oppressive local rulers.

• A desire to integrate into Indian society.
• Avarice and fanaticism.
• Respect for Indian cultural and religious practices.
• Efforts to maintain peace and avoid conflict.

• They immediately recognized the sovereignty of the Indian nations.
• They were primarily concerned with the safety and well-being of the Indians.
• They pretended to be civilized and bearers of Christian doctrines.
• They sought to establish equal trade relations with the indigenous population.

Group 2

• Bloodletting
• Herbal medicine
• Variolation
• Vaccination

• She is indifferent to the practice and its outcomes.
• She is confident in its safety and effectiveness.
• She disapproves of the practice on ethical grounds.
• She is skeptical about its efficacy.

• Use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections
• Surgical procedures to repair physical injuries
• Application of leeches for blood purification
• Inoculation with live pathogens to induce immunity

• Government officials as a public health measure
• Religious figures as part of spiritual healing
• Old women who specialized in the procedure
• Trained male physicians

• Ottoman medical practices were seen as primitive and were disregarded by the British.
• There was some level of acceptance and adoption of Ottoman medical practices by the British.
• British medical practices were dominant and influenced Ottoman methods.
• The British were generally resistant to adopting foreign medical practices.

Group 3

• Non-European powers played active roles in shaping global trade networks.
• European nations had little interest in establishing trade relations with Asian powers.
• Asian powers were generally passive and reactive in their interactions with European traders.
• Trade with European nations was often forced upon Asian powers through military means.

• Spain
• France
• Portugal
• The Netherlands

• The Mughal Empire's efforts to undermine Portuguese influence in the region.
• The Mughal Empire's commitment to religious tolerance and conversion of foreigners.
• The Mughal Empire's interest in establishing favorable diplomatic and trade relations with England.
• The Mughal Empire's desire to adopt English cultural practices.

• Primary source
• Secondary source
• Tertiary source
• Quaternary source

• It reflects a policy of exclusive trade rights with Portuguese merchants.
• It shows a preference for isolationism and restriction of foreign merchants.
• It indicates a policy of openness and protection for foreign merchants.
• It demonstrates a policy of heavy taxation on all foreign trade activities.

Group 4

• It would have enhanced their freedom to practice their religions openly.
• It would have restricted their ability to interact with the broader Christian society.
• It would have increased their opportunities for political representation.
• It would have led to an immediate increase in conversions to Christianity.

• The intention to isolate and control the movements of these communities.
• The effort to promote economic self-sufficiency within Jewish and Moorish communities.
• The desire to protect Jews and Moors from Christian violence.
• The aim to encourage cultural exchange between Christians, Jews, and Moors.

• The early stages of the Protestant Reformation and its challenge to Catholic orthodoxy.
• The aftermath of the Black Death, which led to a search for scapegoats among minority populations.
• The era of the Enlightenment, with its emphasis on rationality and secular governance.
• The period of the Reconquista, when Christian kingdoms sought to reclaim territory from Muslim rule.

• The rise of religious tolerance and pluralism.
• The decentralization of royal authority.
• The increasing persecution and marginalization of religious minorities.
• The expansion of trade and commercial networks.

• The forced conversion of Jews and Moors to Christianity.
• The establishment of separate quarters for Jews and Moors.
• The expulsion of Jews and Moors from Spanish territories.
• The granting of equal rights to Jews and Moors alongside Christians.

Group 5

• The Shogunate's policy of religious tolerance towards non-native faiths.
• The establishment of a legal system based on Western principles.
• The Tokugawa Shogunate's efforts to align with European powers.
• The suppression of religious practices deemed threatening to the social order.

• The spread of infectious diseases from foreign lands.
• The potential destabilizing effects of foreign ideas and practices.
• The loss of skilled laborers and artisans to other countries.
• The economic impact of citizens spending money abroad.

• Westerners, particularly those spreading Christianity.
• Northern Asian nomadic tribes posing military threats.
• Japanese citizens who had adopted Western customs.
• Traders from Southeast Asia seeking economic partnerships.

• The Shogunate's efforts to encourage its citizens to engage in overseas exploration.
• The extreme measures taken to control the flow of information and cultural exchange.
• The government's support for international educational exchanges.
• The legal system's focus on rehabilitation over punishment.

• To encourage international trade and diplomatic relations.
• To enforce a policy of isolationism and prevent foreign influences.
• To promote the spread of Christianity within Japan.
• To establish a new set of laws for governing domestic trade.