AP Success - AP Psychology: Comprehensive Set 1
Question 1
When Pablo learns that his psychology test has been postponed, his body's return to a normal state of arousal is facilitated by the:
Central nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Endocrine system
Question 2
The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information is most directly involved in which of the following psychological phenomena?
Classical conditioning
Sensory adaptation
Dreaming
Memory
Motivation
Question 3
A psychologist who is "eclectic" can best be described as:
Rejecting psychoanalytic principles.
Drawing on multiple theories and approaches to therapy.
Disregarding evidence that contradicts their theories.
Focusing solely on cognitive behavioral techniques.
Specializing in treating phobias and anxiety.
Question 4
Dr. Liu believes that in order to fully understand complex processes such as happiness, psychologists need to analyze the biological basis of emotion in the brain, the way emotions are thought about and processed, and the systems of social support in an individual's life. Dr. Liu's approach is best described as:
Structuralist
Functionalist
Behaviorist
Biopsychosocial
Psychoanalytic
Question 5
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?
A teenager receives $10 for every five chores completed around the house.
A gambler wins on a slot machine after an unpredictable number of lever pulls.
A dog receives a treat every time it sits on command.
A worker receives a paycheck every two weeks.
A student receives a compliment from the teacher for every third homework assignment completed.
Question 6
The phenomenon of "groupthink" is most likely to occur when:
A group is under intense pressure to make a decision.
Individuals in a group are encouraged to share their unique opinions.
A group leader promotes critical thinking and debate.
A group is divided into two subgroups with opposing views.
Members of a group have very similar opinions.
Question 7
Which of the following is the best example of applied research?
Analyzing the impact of bystander intervention in emergencies
Investigating basic human memory processes
Studying the effectiveness of a new therapy for depression
Exploring the neurological effects of meditation
Examining the developmental stages of infant attachment
Question 8
An individual's persistent, irrational fear of crowds is most likely to be diagnosed as a:
Panic disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Phobia
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Question 9
The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to:
Believe they could have predicted an outcome after it has occurred.
Be overly confident in the correctness of their initial beliefs or guesses.
Display prejudice against individuals who are different from themselves.
Be influenced more heavily by information that is easily retrievable.
Overestimate the accuracy of their knowledge and judgments.
Question 10
Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a(n) __________ and diminished if followed by a(n) __________.
Stimulus; response
Reinforcer; punisher
Unconditioned response; conditioned response
Reward; penalty
Observation; imitation
Question 11
The concept of "theory of mind" is best described as:
The ability to solve problems and adapt to and learn from experiences.
The understanding that people have thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives that are different from one's own.
The understanding of one's own mental and emotional states.
The capacity to remember and use information to make decisions.
The awareness of the self as distinct from others.
Question 12
Which of the following research methods would be most effective for investigating the relationship between the educational level of parents and the academic success of their children?
Correlational study
Experiment
Naturalistic observation
Survey
Case study
Question 13
A major criticism of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is that his theories:
Are based on an inadequate sample of patients.
Overemphasize sexual drives in human behavior.
Focus too much on early childhood experiences.
Are too difficult to test scientifically.
Ignore the role of the unconscious mind.
Question 14
The "place theory" of pitch perception best explains how we perceive:
Sounds that are directly in front of us
Middle-range sounds
High-pitched sounds
Sounds of complex frequencies
Low-pitched sounds
Question 15
When Juanita decided to major in psychology, she found that she was more attentive to information in her psychology courses than she was to information in her other classes. This best illustrates the effects of:
The cocktail party effect
Divided attention
Selective attention
Inattentional blindness
Change blindness
Question 16
Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of the use of intelligence tests in schools?
They are biased in favor of certain cultural groups.
They assess a narrow range of mental abilities.
They can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies.
They do not accurately predict future academic success.
They primarily measure motivation rather than intelligence.
Question 17
Elizabeth Loftus' research on eyewitness testimony has demonstrated that:
People seldom forget the details of traumatic events.
Children are more accurate eyewitnesses than adults.
The wording of questions can alter the recall of an event.
Hypnosis can reliably enhance the accuracy of memory.
Memory is highly reliable over long periods of time.
Question 18
Which of the following best describes the availability heuristic?
Overestimating the accuracy of one's beliefs.
Making a decision based on the first information that comes to mind.
Ignoring base rate information in favor of stereotypical information.
Judging the likelihood of an event based on its prevalence in memory.
Assuming that if objects resemble each other, they are part of the same category.
Question 19
Social loafing is most likely to occur among:
Members of a highly cohesive group.
Individuals who are highly motivated to succeed.
Members of a group who are making a collective effort.
Audience members watching a performance.
Individuals performing a task perceived as important.
Question 20
The concept of "self-fulfilling prophecy" is most closely associated with which of the following psychological phenomena?
Cognitive dissonance
The bystander effect
Group polarization
Stereotype threat
Social facilitation
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