AP European History Unit 5: The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era
Question 1
Which financial minister did Louis XVI dismiss in 1781, whose fiscal reforms included proposing that the nobility should be taxed?
Maximilien de Bethune
Étienne de Silhouette
Jacques Necker
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot
Charles Alexandre de Calonne
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Question 2
The 'Great Fear' that swept through France in 1789 was a reaction to rumors of what?
The abolition of the traditional privileges of the peasantry
The impending bankruptcy of the French treasury
The arrival of a comet seen as an omen of doom
The spread of a deadly plague from foreign lands
A foreign invasion supporting Louis XVI
An aristocratic conspiracy to starve or burn out the population
Question 3
Which of the following was NOT a measure taken during the 'Reign of Terror'?
The enactment of the levée en masse
The passing of the Law of Suspects
The de-Christianization of France
The establishment of the Concordat of 1801
The use of the guillotine for executions
The creation of the Committee of Public Safety
Question 4
What was the main reason for the Women’s March on Versailles in October 1789?
Demand for the right to vote for women
Rejection of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Opposition to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Support for the return of the monarchy
Call for the end of the war with Austria
Protest against the scarcity and high price of bread
Question 5
The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen was written by Olympe de Gouges in response to what document?
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The Constitution of 1791
The Napoleonic Code
The Treaty of Paris
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The Edict of Versailles
Question 6
Which group within the National Convention was known for its radical positions and influence during the French Revolution?
The Montagnards
The Jacobins
The Feuillants
The Cordeliers
The Girondins
The Sans-Culottes
Question 7
Edmund Burke's 'Reflections on the Revolution in France' is best described as:
A diplomatic report on the revolution's impact on Europe
A conservative critique of the revolution and a defense of traditional institutions
A monarchist call to restore the Bourbon dynasty
A socialist interpretation of the revolution's outcomes
A radical endorsement of the revolution's principles
A neutral analysis of the causes of the revolution
Question 8
The Napoleonic Code had a lasting impact on civil law systems around the world. What was one of its key principles?
The right to a trial by jury for all citizens
Equality of all male citizens before the law
The establishment of a constitutional monarchy
Universal suffrage for all adult citizens
The separation of church and state
The abolition of slavery in all French territories
Question 9
The Continental System was a policy implemented by Napoleon with the intention to:
Unify the legal systems of the European continent
Promote cultural exchange and education throughout Europe
Create a pan-European military alliance against Britain
Standardize the metric system across Europe
Weaken Britain economically through a trade embargo
Establish a common European currency
Question 10
The Congress of Vienna's principle of 'legitimacy' primarily referred to:
The validation of the Holy Roman Empire's dissolution
The establishment of a legitimate trade framework for European nations
The legal validation of land claims by European powers in the New World
The restoration of hereditary monarchies that the revolution and Napoleon had displaced
The confirmation of Napoleon's territorial changes in Europe
The recognition of the rights of citizens as outlined in revolutionary documents
Question 11
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Napoleonic Wars?
The rise of Prussia as a significant military power
The permanent dissolution of the Spanish Empire
The establishment of the German Confederation
The redrawing of the map of Europe
The stimulation of the Industrial Revolution in Britain
The spread of nationalist ideas across Europe
Question 12
The scorched-earth policy during the Napoleonic Wars is most closely associated with which campaign?
The Hundred Days
The invasion of Russia in 1812
The Peninsular War in Spain and Portugal
The Battle of Trafalgar
The Egyptian Campaign
The Battle of Austerlitz
Question 13
The Carlsbad Decrees, issued in the aftermath of the Congress of Vienna, were aimed at:
Formalizing the abolition of serfdom in the German territories
Regulating trade between the German states
Creating a unified German currency
Suppressing liberal and nationalist movements within the German Confederation
Establishing a new constitution for the German Confederation
Coordinating military defense among the German states
Question 14
The 'Thermidorian Reaction' refers to:
The initial uprising that led to the fall of the Bastille
The conservative turn during the Congress of Vienna
The political backlash against the radicalism of the Reign of Terror
The resistance to Napoleon's return from Elba
The revolt against the Directory
The response to the execution of Louis XVI
Question 15
Joseph de Maistre's writings during the French Revolution primarily advocated for:
The expansion of Napoleonic rule throughout Europe
A return to monarchical authority and the reestablishment of the Catholic Church's influence
The continuation of revolutionary violence to achieve political ends
The establishment of a democratic republic
The spread of Enlightenment ideals and secular governance
The maintenance of the status quo ante bellum
Question 16
The Concordat of 1801, signed between Napoleon and the Catholic Church, resulted in:
The excommunication of Napoleon by the Pope
The creation of the Church of France independent of the Vatican
The establishment of Protestantism as the state religion
The confiscation of all church lands by the French state
The recognition of Catholicism as the religion of the majority of the French people
The complete separation of church and state in France
Question 17
The term 'Sans-Culottes' during the French Revolution referred to:
The clergy who refused to swear an oath to the Civil Constitution
The members of the secret police under Robespierre
The nobility who opposed the revolution and fled the country
The moderate revolutionaries who supported a constitutional monarchy
The radical working-class men and women who sought a more democratic republic
The foreign mercenaries hired by the revolutionaries
Question 18
The 1814 Treaty of Paris, concluded after Napoleon's initial defeat, included which of the following terms?
The independence of the German states from the Holy Roman Empire
The establishment of a French republic
The annexation of Belgium by France
The cession of Corsica to the British
The restoration of the Bourbon monarchy with Louis XVIII as king
The division of France into occupied zones by the Allies
Question 19
During the French Revolution, the 'Levée en Masse' was:
A diplomatic effort to gain foreign support against the monarchy
A policy of conscription for all unmarried able-bodied men to serve in the army
A mass protest against the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
A general strike by the Sans-Culottes to demand higher wages
A wave of emigration by the nobility and clergy
A tax imposed on the Third Estate to finance the revolution
Question 20
Which of the following figures is NOT correctly paired with their role during the French Revolution?
Louis XVI - King of France at the start of the revolution
Jean-Paul Marat - Radical journalist and politician
Maximilien de Robespierre - Prominent member of the Committee of Public Safety
Georges Danton - Leader of the Girondin faction
Marie Antoinette - Queen consort of Louis XVI
Jacques Necker - Finance Minister who advocated for economic reforms
Question 21
Toussaint L'Ouverture is best known for his role in which of the following events?
The American Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
The Seven Years' War
The Latin American wars of independence
The War of the Spanish Succession
The French Revolution
Question 22
The Haitian Revolution had a significant impact on European colonial powers, primarily because it:
Resulted in the abolition of the French monarchy
Led to the successful establishment of the second independent nation in the Americas
Led to the establishment of the United Nations
Caused a shift in the balance of power between European states
Prompted the widespread abolition of slavery in European colonies
Initiated a series of revolutions throughout the Spanish Empire
Question 23
Jean-Jacques Dessalines was a leader in the Haitian Revolution who declared independence from France and later:
Proclaimed himself Emperor of Haiti
Became the first President of the United States
Negotiated the Louisiana Purchase with the United States
Was elected as the Prime Minister of France
Founded the modern French banking system
Led the French army in the Napoleonic Wars
Question 24
Which European philosopher's critique of the French Revolution did not support the widespread revolutionary changes and instead advocated for a more gradual and controlled approach?
Denis Diderot
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Baron de Montesquieu
Immanuel Kant
Edmund Burke
Voltaire
Question 25
The Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 resulted in a significant defeat for Napoleon's fleet, thereby ensuring:
The end of the Holy Roman Empire
The independence of the Spanish colonies in America
The successful invasion of Britain by French forces
British naval supremacy and the failure of the Continental System
The collapse of the French economy
The abdication of Napoleon and his exile to Elba
Question 26
The 'War of the First Coalition' during the French Revolutionary Wars saw France fighting against an alliance that included all of the following except:
Spain
Prussia
The Ottoman Empire
Austria
The Dutch Republic
Great Britain
Question 27
The 'Directory' was the French Revolutionary government from 1795 to 1799. Its downfall came about due to:
A coup d'état led by Napoleon Bonaparte
A popular uprising in Paris
The assassination of its five directors
A declaration of war by Britain and Austria
The return of the monarchy
The economic collapse of France
Question 28
The 'Civil Constitution of the Clergy' during the French Revolution:
Declared the establishment of a theocracy in France
Established Catholicism as the only legal religion in France
Resulted in the immediate end of the French Revolution
Was an agreement between the Pope and Napoleon Bonaparte
Subordinated the Catholic Church in France to the French government
Led to the separation of church and state in France
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