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AP European History Unit 5: The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era

Question 1

Multiple choice
Which financial minister did Louis XVI dismiss in 1781, whose fiscal reforms included proposing that the nobility should be taxed?

  • Maximilien de Bethune

  • Étienne de Silhouette

  • Jacques Necker

  • Anne Robert Jacques Turgot

  • Charles Alexandre de Calonne

  • Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Question 2

Multiple choice
The 'Great Fear' that swept through France in 1789 was a reaction to rumors of what?

  • The abolition of the traditional privileges of the peasantry

  • The impending bankruptcy of the French treasury

  • The arrival of a comet seen as an omen of doom

  • The spread of a deadly plague from foreign lands

  • A foreign invasion supporting Louis XVI

  • An aristocratic conspiracy to starve or burn out the population

Question 3

Multiple choice
Which of the following was NOT a measure taken during the 'Reign of Terror'?

  • The enactment of the levée en masse

  • The passing of the Law of Suspects

  • The de-Christianization of France

  • The establishment of the Concordat of 1801

  • The use of the guillotine for executions

  • The creation of the Committee of Public Safety

Question 4

Multiple choice
What was the main reason for the Women’s March on Versailles in October 1789?

  • Demand for the right to vote for women

  • Rejection of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

  • Opposition to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy

  • Support for the return of the monarchy

  • Call for the end of the war with Austria

  • Protest against the scarcity and high price of bread

Question 5

Multiple choice
The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen was written by Olympe de Gouges in response to what document?

  • The Civil Constitution of the Clergy

  • The Constitution of 1791

  • The Napoleonic Code

  • The Treaty of Paris

  • The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

  • The Edict of Versailles

Question 6

Multiple choice
Which group within the National Convention was known for its radical positions and influence during the French Revolution?

  • The Montagnards

  • The Jacobins

  • The Feuillants

  • The Cordeliers

  • The Girondins

  • The Sans-Culottes

Question 7

Multiple choice
Edmund Burke's 'Reflections on the Revolution in France' is best described as:

  • A diplomatic report on the revolution's impact on Europe

  • A conservative critique of the revolution and a defense of traditional institutions

  • A monarchist call to restore the Bourbon dynasty

  • A socialist interpretation of the revolution's outcomes

  • A radical endorsement of the revolution's principles

  • A neutral analysis of the causes of the revolution

Question 8

Multiple choice
The Napoleonic Code had a lasting impact on civil law systems around the world. What was one of its key principles?

  • The right to a trial by jury for all citizens

  • Equality of all male citizens before the law

  • The establishment of a constitutional monarchy

  • Universal suffrage for all adult citizens

  • The separation of church and state

  • The abolition of slavery in all French territories

Question 9

Multiple choice
The Continental System was a policy implemented by Napoleon with the intention to:

  • Unify the legal systems of the European continent

  • Promote cultural exchange and education throughout Europe

  • Create a pan-European military alliance against Britain

  • Standardize the metric system across Europe

  • Weaken Britain economically through a trade embargo

  • Establish a common European currency

Question 10

Multiple choice
The Congress of Vienna's principle of 'legitimacy' primarily referred to:

  • The validation of the Holy Roman Empire's dissolution

  • The establishment of a legitimate trade framework for European nations

  • The legal validation of land claims by European powers in the New World

  • The restoration of hereditary monarchies that the revolution and Napoleon had displaced

  • The confirmation of Napoleon's territorial changes in Europe

  • The recognition of the rights of citizens as outlined in revolutionary documents

Question 11

Multiple choice
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Napoleonic Wars?

  • The rise of Prussia as a significant military power

  • The permanent dissolution of the Spanish Empire

  • The establishment of the German Confederation

  • The redrawing of the map of Europe

  • The stimulation of the Industrial Revolution in Britain

  • The spread of nationalist ideas across Europe

Question 12

Multiple choice
The scorched-earth policy during the Napoleonic Wars is most closely associated with which campaign?

  • The Hundred Days

  • The invasion of Russia in 1812

  • The Peninsular War in Spain and Portugal

  • The Battle of Trafalgar

  • The Egyptian Campaign

  • The Battle of Austerlitz

Question 13

Multiple choice
The Carlsbad Decrees, issued in the aftermath of the Congress of Vienna, were aimed at:

  • Formalizing the abolition of serfdom in the German territories

  • Regulating trade between the German states

  • Creating a unified German currency

  • Suppressing liberal and nationalist movements within the German Confederation

  • Establishing a new constitution for the German Confederation

  • Coordinating military defense among the German states

Question 14

Multiple choice
The 'Thermidorian Reaction' refers to:

  • The initial uprising that led to the fall of the Bastille

  • The conservative turn during the Congress of Vienna

  • The political backlash against the radicalism of the Reign of Terror

  • The resistance to Napoleon's return from Elba

  • The revolt against the Directory

  • The response to the execution of Louis XVI

Question 15

Multiple choice
Joseph de Maistre's writings during the French Revolution primarily advocated for:

  • The expansion of Napoleonic rule throughout Europe

  • A return to monarchical authority and the reestablishment of the Catholic Church's influence

  • The continuation of revolutionary violence to achieve political ends

  • The establishment of a democratic republic

  • The spread of Enlightenment ideals and secular governance

  • The maintenance of the status quo ante bellum

Question 16

Multiple choice
The Concordat of 1801, signed between Napoleon and the Catholic Church, resulted in:

  • The excommunication of Napoleon by the Pope

  • The creation of the Church of France independent of the Vatican

  • The establishment of Protestantism as the state religion

  • The confiscation of all church lands by the French state

  • The recognition of Catholicism as the religion of the majority of the French people

  • The complete separation of church and state in France

Question 17

Multiple choice
The term 'Sans-Culottes' during the French Revolution referred to:

  • The clergy who refused to swear an oath to the Civil Constitution

  • The members of the secret police under Robespierre

  • The nobility who opposed the revolution and fled the country

  • The moderate revolutionaries who supported a constitutional monarchy

  • The radical working-class men and women who sought a more democratic republic

  • The foreign mercenaries hired by the revolutionaries

Question 18

Multiple choice
The 1814 Treaty of Paris, concluded after Napoleon's initial defeat, included which of the following terms?

  • The independence of the German states from the Holy Roman Empire

  • The establishment of a French republic

  • The annexation of Belgium by France

  • The cession of Corsica to the British

  • The restoration of the Bourbon monarchy with Louis XVIII as king

  • The division of France into occupied zones by the Allies

Question 19

Multiple choice
During the French Revolution, the 'Levée en Masse' was:

  • A diplomatic effort to gain foreign support against the monarchy

  • A policy of conscription for all unmarried able-bodied men to serve in the army

  • A mass protest against the Civil Constitution of the Clergy

  • A general strike by the Sans-Culottes to demand higher wages

  • A wave of emigration by the nobility and clergy

  • A tax imposed on the Third Estate to finance the revolution

Question 20

Multiple choice
Which of the following figures is NOT correctly paired with their role during the French Revolution?

  • Louis XVI - King of France at the start of the revolution

  • Jean-Paul Marat - Radical journalist and politician

  • Maximilien de Robespierre - Prominent member of the Committee of Public Safety

  • Georges Danton - Leader of the Girondin faction

  • Marie Antoinette - Queen consort of Louis XVI

  • Jacques Necker - Finance Minister who advocated for economic reforms

Question 21

Multiple choice
Toussaint L'Ouverture is best known for his role in which of the following events?

  • The American Revolution

  • The Haitian Revolution

  • The Seven Years' War

  • The Latin American wars of independence

  • The War of the Spanish Succession

  • The French Revolution

Question 22

Multiple choice
The Haitian Revolution had a significant impact on European colonial powers, primarily because it:

  • Resulted in the abolition of the French monarchy

  • Led to the successful establishment of the second independent nation in the Americas

  • Led to the establishment of the United Nations

  • Caused a shift in the balance of power between European states

  • Prompted the widespread abolition of slavery in European colonies

  • Initiated a series of revolutions throughout the Spanish Empire

Question 23

Multiple choice
Jean-Jacques Dessalines was a leader in the Haitian Revolution who declared independence from France and later:

  • Proclaimed himself Emperor of Haiti

  • Became the first President of the United States

  • Negotiated the Louisiana Purchase with the United States

  • Was elected as the Prime Minister of France

  • Founded the modern French banking system

  • Led the French army in the Napoleonic Wars

Question 24

Multiple choice
Which European philosopher's critique of the French Revolution did not support the widespread revolutionary changes and instead advocated for a more gradual and controlled approach?

  • Denis Diderot

  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau

  • Baron de Montesquieu

  • Immanuel Kant

  • Edmund Burke

  • Voltaire

Question 25

Multiple choice
The Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 resulted in a significant defeat for Napoleon's fleet, thereby ensuring:

  • The end of the Holy Roman Empire

  • The independence of the Spanish colonies in America

  • The successful invasion of Britain by French forces

  • British naval supremacy and the failure of the Continental System

  • The collapse of the French economy

  • The abdication of Napoleon and his exile to Elba

Question 26

Multiple choice
The 'War of the First Coalition' during the French Revolutionary Wars saw France fighting against an alliance that included all of the following except:

  • Spain

  • Prussia

  • The Ottoman Empire

  • Austria

  • The Dutch Republic

  • Great Britain

Question 27

Multiple choice
The 'Directory' was the French Revolutionary government from 1795 to 1799. Its downfall came about due to:

  • A coup d'état led by Napoleon Bonaparte

  • A popular uprising in Paris

  • The assassination of its five directors

  • A declaration of war by Britain and Austria

  • The return of the monarchy

  • The economic collapse of France

Question 28

Multiple choice
The 'Civil Constitution of the Clergy' during the French Revolution:

  • Declared the establishment of a theocracy in France

  • Established Catholicism as the only legal religion in France

  • Resulted in the immediate end of the French Revolution

  • Was an agreement between the Pope and Napoleon Bonaparte

  • Subordinated the Catholic Church in France to the French government

  • Led to the separation of church and state in France

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