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AP European History Unit 2: The Age of Reformation



Question 1

Multiple choice



  • The doctrine of transubstantiation during the Eucharist

  • The concept of purgatory and its basis in scripture

  • The use of Latin in church services instead of the vernacular

  • The sale of indulgences and the corruption it represented within the Catholic Church

  • The authority of the Pope over secular rulers

  • The practice of celibacy among the clergy

Question 2

Multiple choice



  • The rejection of infant baptism

  • Predestination

  • The infallibility of the Pope

  • The consubstantiation in the Eucharist

  • The veneration of saints and martyrs

  • The importance of good works for salvation

Question 3

Multiple choice



  • Sola scriptura

  • The supremacy of the Catholic Church

  • Sola fide

  • Universal religious tolerance

  • Cuius regio, eius religio

  • The separation of church and state

Question 4

Multiple choice



  • Elizabeth I

  • Charles I

  • Mary I

  • Edward VI

  • Henry VIII

  • James I

Question 5

Multiple choice



  • The decree that both faith and good works were necessary for salvation

  • The creation of the Index of Forbidden Books

  • The upholding of the Latin Vulgate as the official Bible of the Church

  • The endorsement of the Lutheran doctrine of justification by faith alone

  • The establishment of seminaries for the proper training of priests

  • The reaffirmation of the seven sacraments

Question 6

Multiple choice



  • John Knox

  • Philip Melanchthon

  • Huldrych Zwingli

  • John Wycliffe

  • Martin Bucer

  • Thomas Müntzer

Question 7

Multiple choice



  • Adult baptism

  • The use of icons in worship

  • The infallibility of the Pope

  • The transubstantiation in the Eucharist

  • Predestination

  • The divine right of kings

Question 8

Multiple choice



  • To promote literacy among the lower classes

  • To catalog all of the works of Martin Luther

  • To record the names of individuals suspected of heresy

  • To prevent the spread of heretical ideas and writings

  • To provide a list of approved religious texts for the laity

  • To list the banned scientific works that contradicted Church teachings

Question 9

Multiple choice



  • Organize a crusade against the Ottoman Empire

  • Establish a new religious order within the Catholic Church

  • Unify the various Protestant movements under a single doctrine

  • Support the papal stance against the spread of Protestantism

  • Promote the teachings of John Calvin

  • Defend the interests of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire

Question 10

Multiple choice



  • The fragmentation of the Western Christian Church into multiple denominations

  • The establishment of complete religious freedom throughout Europe

  • The immediate end of the Holy Roman Empire

  • The abolition of the Catholic Church in Northern Europe

  • The unification of all German states under a single ruler

  • The cessation of all religious wars in Europe

Question 11

Multiple choice



  • They were primarily involved in translating the Bible into vernacular languages

  • They were a contemplative order that focused on monastic life

  • They advocated for the decentralization of the Church's power

  • They were a missionary order that played a key role in education and the re-conversion of areas affected by Protestantism

  • They supported the abolition of the papacy

  • They led military campaigns against Protestant states

Question 12

Multiple choice



  • Granted a degree of religious freedom to Huguenots in France

  • Formally ended the Spanish Inquisition

  • Marked the beginning of the Thirty Years' War

  • Established the Church of England as the state religion

  • Declared the independence of the Netherlands from Spain

  • Outlawed the practice of Calvinism in the Holy Roman Empire

Question 13

Multiple choice



  • Institutes of the Christian Religion

  • The Praise of Folly

  • The Spiritual Exercises

  • The Freedom of a Christian

  • The Bondage of the Will

  • The City of God

Question 14

Multiple choice



  • Demanded the establishment of an Anabaptist state

  • Sought to restore the Catholic Church's influence in rural areas

  • Used Lutheran ideas to justify their revolt against feudal oppression

  • Were led by Martin Luther himself

  • Fought to defend the Holy Roman Emperor's authority over the German princes

  • Wanted to abolish all forms of Christianity and return to paganism

Question 15

Multiple choice



  • Henry VIII

  • Charles II

  • James I

  • Elizabeth I

  • Mary I

  • Edward VI

Question 16

Multiple choice



  • Standardized the liturgy of the Church of England and included services in English

  • Was a collection of sermons written by Martin Luther

  • Contained the first Protestant confession of faith

  • Formally declared the independence of the Church of England from Rome

  • Outlined the organizational structure of the Anabaptist movement

  • Was the first English translation of the Bible

Question 17

Multiple choice



  • An uprising of peasants in Germany was brutally suppressed

  • Protestant forces sacked the city of Rome

  • The Knights Templar were arrested and executed

  • Lutherans in the Holy Roman Empire were persecuted

  • The Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy

  • Thousands of Huguenots were killed in France

Question 18

Multiple choice



  • The moral corruption of the clergy

  • The sale of indulgences

  • The power of the Pope to release souls from purgatory

  • The practice of monastic life and vows

  • The emphasis on good works for salvation

  • The lack of scriptural basis for certain Church practices

Question 19

Multiple choice



  • Was where the Lutheran princes formed the Schmalkaldic League

  • Led to the adoption of Calvinism as the state religion in Geneva

  • Marked the end of the Thirty Years' War with the Peace of Westphalia

  • Was the council where the Catholic Church launched the Counter-Reformation

  • Resulted in the Edict of Worms, which declared Martin Luther an outlaw and heretic

  • Resulted in the Peace of Augsburg, which allowed for Lutheran and Catholic territories

Question 20

Multiple choice



  • Establishing monasteries dedicated to contemplative life

  • Focusing on the education of girls and the care of the sick and needy

  • Conducting witch hunts throughout Europe

  • Leading military expeditions against Protestant territories

  • Promoting the translation of the Bible into vernacular languages

  • Advocating for the separation of church and state

Question 21

Multiple choice



  • Theologian who opposed the teachings of Martin Luther

  • Reformer of the Carmelite Order and a mystic writer

  • Military leader in the Wars of Religion

  • Monarch who enforced the Edict of Nantes

  • Diplomat who negotiated the Peace of Augsburg

  • Founder of the Jesuit Order

Question 22

Multiple choice



  • Writing the Ninety-Five Theses

  • Founding the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and authoring 'Spiritual Exercises'

  • Establishing the Anglican Church

  • Organizing the Council of Trent

  • Being a prominent Anabaptist leader

  • Leading the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland

Question 23

Multiple choice



  • Lutherans and Calvinists

  • Catholics and Huguenots

  • Eastern Orthodox Christians and Catholics

  • Spanish forces and the Dutch Republic

  • The English monarchy and Puritan Parliamentarians

  • The Holy Roman Empire and Ottoman Turks

Question 24

Multiple choice



  • The War of the Roses

  • The War of the Spanish Succession

  • The Thirty Years' War

  • The French Wars of Religion

  • The Hundred Years' War

  • The Eighty Years' War

Question 25

Multiple choice



  • The annexation of the German territories by France

  • The unification of Germany under a single ruler

  • The end of the Habsburg dynasty's control over the Holy Roman Empire

  • The recognition of the sovereignty of the German princes and the independence of the Dutch Republic

  • The restoration of the Catholic Church's dominance in Northern Europe

  • The establishment of the Anglican Church as the state religion in England

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