AP Success - AP European History: Cloning Dolly the Sheep Breakthrough
The University fo Edinburgh, "Making Dolly.""Dolly was part of a series of experiments at The Roslin Institute that were trying to develop a better method for producing genetically modified livestock. If successful, this would mean fewer animals would need to be used in future experiments. Scientists at Roslin also wanted to learn more about how cells change during development and whether a specialised cell, such as a skin or brain cell, could be used to make a whole new animal. These experiments were carried out at The Roslin Institute by a team led by Professor Sir Ian Wilmut. Because of the nature of the research, the team was made up of many different people, including scientists, embryologists, surgeons, vets and farm staff. Dolly was cloned from a cell taken from the mammary gland of a six-year-old Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell taken from a Scottish Blackface sheep. She was born to her Scottish Blackface surrogate mother on 5th July 1996. Dolly’s white face was one of the first signs that she was a clone because if she was genetically related to her surrogate mother, she would have had a black face."
Question 1
What was the primary goal of the experiments that led to the creation of Dolly the sheep at The Roslin Institute?
To increase the milk production capabilities of livestock.
To create a new breed of sheep with enhanced wool quality.
To study the effects of cloning on animal behavior.
To develop a better method for producing genetically modified livestock.
Question 2
Which of the following best describes the team that worked on cloning Dolly the sheep?
A small group of geneticists working in isolation.
An international consortium of researchers from various universities.
A corporate-funded team focused on agricultural biotechnology.
A multidisciplinary team including scientists, embryologists, surgeons, vets, and farm staff.
Question 3
What was a significant indicator that Dolly was indeed a clone of the Finn Dorset sheep?
Dolly's white face, which differed from her Scottish Blackface surrogate mother's black face.
Dolly's ability to produce milk at a younger age than normal.
Dolly's rapid growth rate compared to other sheep.
The presence of unique genetic markers not found in either breed of sheep.
Question 4
Which cells were used to clone Dolly the sheep?
Two egg cells, one from a Finn Dorset sheep and one from a Scottish Blackface sheep.
A skin cell from a Scottish Blackface sheep and a sperm cell from a Finn Dorset sheep.
A cell from the mammary gland of a Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell from a Scottish Blackface sheep.
A brain cell from a Finn Dorset sheep and a liver cell from a Scottish Blackface sheep.
Question 5
What was one of the scientific interests that motivated the team at The Roslin Institute to clone Dolly?
To investigate the possibility of creating animals with human-like intelligence.
To explore the potential for cloning extinct animals.
To learn more about how cells change during development and if a specialized cell could be used to make a new animal.
To test the viability of inter-species organ transplants.
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