Topic 6.9 Institutional Responses and Reform
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS: -Liberalism shifted from laissez-faire to interventionist economic and social policies in response to the challenges of industrialization. -Reforms transformed unhealthy and overcrowded cities by modernizing infrastructure, regulating public health, reforming prisons, and establishing modern police forces. The reforms were enacted by governments motivated by such forces as public opinion, prominent individuals, and charity organizations. -Reformers promoted compulsory public education to advance the goals of public order, nationalism, and economic growth.
Question 1
Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of increased interventionism in 19th-century Britain?
The reduction of government oversight in the Factory Acts
The deregulation of trade in the Corn Laws Repeal
The establishment of the Metropolitan Police Force in London under Robert Peel
The Laissez-faire policies promoted by Adam Smith
Question 2
What was a primary goal of Elizabeth Fry's prison reform efforts in the 19th century?
To institute capital punishment as a deterrent for crime
To abolish the prison system entirely in favor of community service
To privatize the prison system to increase efficiency
To improve and standardize conditions in prisons, including the separation of male and female prisoners
Question 3
Edwin Chadwick's 'Report on The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain' (1842) directly contributed to which of the following?
The expansion of the British Empire into Africa
The implementation of the Corn Laws
Establishing public health standards and reforming the Poor Laws
The development of the Chartist movement
Question 4
How did Napoleon III's renovation of Paris under Georges Haussmann primarily aim to improve urban living?
By implementing strict curfews to reduce crime rates
By redesigning the city's infrastructure with wide boulevards, public parks, and a new drainage system
By banning industrial factories from the city center to reduce pollution
By reducing the size of the city to decrease population density
Question 5
Which of the following reforms is associated with the Liberal Party in Britain and gained support from working-class voters?
Government reforms addressing infrastructure, housing, public health, and education
The establishment of the Anglican Church as the state religion
The repeal of the Corn Laws to promote free trade
The restoration of the monarchy during the English Restoration
Question 6
Johann Pestalozzi's educational philosophy emphasized which of the following aspects?
Strict memorization and recitation of classical texts
The exclusive study of religious texts for moral instruction
Hands-on, ability-based education with an emphasis on practical skills and the joy of learning
A focus on physical education and military training
Question 7
Friedrich Froebel's contribution to education was most evident in his development of:
University-level research institutions focused on the natural sciences
Kindergarten education, promoting play and creativity in early childhood
Military academies for strategic and tactical education
Vocational schools for industrial and technical skills training
Question 8
The Jules Ferry Laws had a significant impact on French society by:
Privatizing educational institutions to increase competition
Making education free, mandatory, and secular, thereby diminishing the influence of the Catholic Church
Banning public education and promoting homeschooling
Promoting the teaching of Latin and Greek as central to the curriculum
Question 9
What was one of the main outcomes of the government reforms in overcrowded and unsanitary urban areas during the 19th century?
The expansion of mercantilist policies to promote colonial trade
The decline of the industrial revolution due to increased costs
Increased loyalty to the government and reduced potential for armed class struggles
The rise of Luddite movements opposing technological advancements
Question 10
Which of the following best describes the effect of the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829?
It led to the establishment of the first private detective agencies
It decentralized law enforcement, giving more power to local communities
It created a centralized police force in London, marking a stronger government presence in daily life
It abolished the death penalty for all crimes except murder and treason
Question 11
The renovation of Paris in the 19th century included all of the following EXCEPT:
The creation of wide boulevards to prevent barricades during uprisings
The construction of a wall around the city to control immigration
The establishment of a new water supply and drainage system
The design of public parks and plazas for recreational use
Question 12
Which of the following was a direct consequence of the educational reforms implemented by Jules Ferry in France?
The establishment of French as the only language of instruction, banning regional dialects
The mandatory inclusion of religious instruction in all public schools
A decline in the quality of education due to overcrowded classrooms
Increased literacy rates among children
Question 13
What was the primary purpose of Elizabeth Fry's efforts to ensure prisoner access to education, employment, and religious instruction?
To segregate prisoners by educational background
To create a skilled workforce within the prison system for profit
To rehabilitate prisoners and prepare them for reintegration into society
To convert prisoners to Quakerism
Question 14
How did the educational philosophy of Johann Pestalozzi differ from traditional education methods of his time?
It promoted the idea that education should be reserved for the elite
It emphasized classical education and the study of ancient languages
It advocated for strict discipline and corporal punishment in schools
It focused on individual student abilities and learning through experience rather than rote memorization
Question 15
Friedrich Froebel's work 'The Education of Man' influenced early childhood education by emphasizing:
The importance of play, creativity, and self-expression in the development of young children
The role of religious education in shaping moral character
The superiority of private education over public schooling
The need for early specialization in science and mathematics
Question 16
The Poor Laws in 19th-century Britain:
Were laws that provided assistance to the poor, but also imposed conditions such as workhouses
Offered free land to the poor to encourage agrarian self-sufficiency
Protected the rights of the poor by establishing minimum wage standards
Imposed taxes on the wealthy to redistribute wealth and eliminate poverty
Question 17
Utilitarianism influenced 19th-century reforms by promoting the idea that:
The wealth of a nation is best increased through high tariffs and colonial expansion
The best policies are those that produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people
Traditional customs and practices should be preserved against the forces of modernization
Government should play no role in the economic and social lives of individuals
Question 18
One of the motivations behind government-led educational reforms in the 19th century was to:
Restrict access to education to maintain social hierarchies
Reduce government spending on social programs by privatizing education
Promote the teachings of a particular religion as the foundation of national identity
Create an educated workforce to meet the demands of industrialization and civic participation
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