Russian Revolution SAQ

"The Russian Revolution" by Robert Service. 1998

Under the tsars, the Russian Empire faced many problems and approval of the state's demands and purposes was largely absent from society...Nicholas II, the last tsar, had put himself in a double jeopardy. He had seriously obstructed and annoyed the emergent elements of a civil society...but he also stopped trying to suppress them entirely...The Bolsheviks aspired to economic competitiveness, political integration, inter-ethnic co-operation, social tranquility, administrative efficiency, cultural dynamism, and universal education. But the means they employed inevitably [spoiled] their declared ends.

Identify and describe one of the "many problems" the Russian Empire faced that the author was referring to in the passage presented in the introduction.

Identify and describe one of the key elements in society that supported the success of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution.

Identify and describe one way the Bolshevik implementation of their revolution spoiled the declared ends identified in the passage.