AP European History: The Agricultural Revolution

Biennial Crop Rotation

Dynamic Accumulator Planting

Three-Field System

Reduction in agricultural productivity

Decrease in urban migration

Expansion of the communal open-field system

Distribution of seeds at variable depths

Aeration of soil without seed placement

Increased speed of hand-sowing seeds

Nationalization of private farmlands

Voluntary exchange of land among peasants

Mandatory collectivization of smallholdings

Reduction in the urban workforce as agriculture required more labor

Decline in urban population due to food shortages

Stagnation of urban growth due to self-sufficient rural communities

Reduction in the variety of livestock breeds

Decreased need for agricultural land

Increased reliance on manual labor in farming

To act as flood defenses for adjacent farmlands

To provide natural irrigation systems for crops

To serve as breeding grounds for fish

Ability to plow without animal assistance

Reduced weight for easier manual handling

Compatibility with a wider variety of soil types

Root vegetables from soil

Fruit from trees

Milk from dairy cattle

To increase the export of surplus crops to colonies

To reduce the workforce needed for agricultural production

To promote biodiversity in rural ecosystems

Exclusively breeding livestock for dairy production

Rotating between arable and pastoral farming annually

Cultivating a single crop on large estates

Development of recreational spaces for the urban elite

Preservation of natural habitats for wildlife

Expansion of urban territories into rural areas

Plows

Horse-drawn carts

Seed drills

High-yield cereals such as wheat and barley

Fruit trees to diversify agricultural output

Root vegetables for subsistence farming

Implementation of communal farming practices

Reduction in the use of farm machinery

Greater reliance on manual labor

Allowed for the automated planting of seeds

Decreased the need for animal labor in plowing

Enabled farmers to work larger plots of land with less effort

The Enclosure Movement provided more land for housing

Urbanization led to improved healthcare and sanitation

Mandatory agricultural work increased birth rates

Monarchical governments

Urban merchants and traders

Rural peasant communities

Increase in shared agricultural knowledge

Reduction in social stratification

Strengthening of communal bonds

English laws which gave peasants the rights to their communal lands

Laws by foreign nations that sold unused land to English farmers

Foreign import tariffs to protect domestic agriculture

Implementing policies to maintain the open-field system

Promoting the return to traditional subsistence farming

Leading peasant revolts against the Enclosure Movement

Reintroducing fallow periods in the crop rotation system

Restoring ownership of enclosed lands to peasant farmers

Reverting to the use of wooden plows for environmental reasons

Reliance on imported staple foods from the colonies

Decrease in meat consumption due to the focus on crop cultivation

Nutritional deficiencies caused by the monoculture of cash crops

Automated Grain Thresher

Water-powered Mill

Steam-powered Tractor

Preference for the new commercial agriculture methods

Desire to maintain the feudal system of land tenure

Support for the privatization of land by the aristocracy

They were largely unaffected due to their self-sufficient farming practices

Many were forced into urban areas to find work due to loss of land

They led the opposition movements against land privatization