Topic 7.4 & 7.5: The Age of Progress
Question 1
The divine right of kings
A common human ancestry with primates
The Great Chain of Being
The Geocentric model of the universe
Question 2
Social Darwinism
Utopian Socialism
Existentialism
Classical Liberalism
Question 3
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
"The Iron Law of Oligarchy"
"The Invisible Hand"
"Survival of the Fittest"
Question 4
Racist ideologies
Marxism
Eugenics
Imperialist ideologies
Question 5
The development of the super-ego through social interaction
The struggle between the conscious and subconscious
The importance of the nuclear family
The role of the environment in shaping behavior
Question 6
The idea that history is determined by class struggles
The philosophy that science alone provides knowledge
The theory that economics is the foundation of all social structures
The belief in the inevitability of social progress
Question 7
David Hume
John Locke
Karl Marx
Auguste Comte
Question 8
Friedrich Nietzsche
René Descartes
Henri Bergson
Georges Sorel
Question 9
The primacy of Newtonian physics
The heliocentric model of the solar system
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
The laws of thermodynamics
Question 10
The Interpretation of Dreams
The Descent of Man
Thus Spoke Zarathustra
On the Origin of Species (1859)
Question 11
The justification of forced sterilization
The application of eugenics to eliminate 'undesirables'
The superiority of Anglo-Saxon or Aryan peoples
The necessity of a welfare state to support the 'unfit'
Question 12
Feudalism
Rationalism
Classicism
Modernism
Question 13
Isaac Newton's laws of motion
Thomas Malthus' ideas on population dynamics
Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance
Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease
Question 14
The material world is an illusion
Ethical principles are the foundation of all knowledge
Everything, including the human mind and consciousness, is matter
Human progress is determined by spiritual evolution
Question 15
Acceptance of social change
Embracing industrialization
Valuing scientific progress
The adherence to traditional belief systems
Question 16
The foundations of traditional morality and religion
The principles of democratic governance
The validity of empirical science
The effectiveness of capitalist economies
Question 17
Techniques like dream analysis, talk therapy, and hypnosis
Mathematical models of human behavior
Physiological experiments on brain function
Anthropological studies of primitive societies
Question 18
The undermining of Newtonian physics
The questioning of the objectivity of knowledge
The emergence of Quantum Mechanics
The reinforcement of the geocentric model
Question 19
It emphasized change, evolution, and the significance of immediate experience and intuition over rationalism
It reinforced the primacy of the Catholic Church in moral guidance
It advocated for the return to a feudal social structure
It promoted the idea of a static universe unchanging over time
Question 20
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
The Wealth of Nations
The Social Contract
The Descent of Man
Question 21
The establishment of a centralized planned economy
Revolutionary action and the overthrow of traditional institutions
The moral improvement of individuals through education
Peaceful democratic reforms
Question 22
The impact of socialization on individual behavior
The significance of dreams in understanding the unconscious mind
The role of genetics in personality development
The importance of conscious thought in decision-making
Question 23
The rejection of empirical observation in favor of metaphysical speculation
The application of scientific methods to the social as well as the natural world
The emphasis on the moral superiority of the aristocracy
The belief in the inevitability of the collapse of capitalism
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