Practice Test MCQs (required)

The establishment of royal absolutism under Louis XIII and Louis XIV

The entry of France in the Thirty Years’ War on the side of the Protestants

The intensification of the grievances of the Third Estate against the nobility and the clergy

The Peace of Augsburg

The Pragmatic Sanction

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy

a terrible misunderstanding

a horrific abuse of royal power

a cautionary tale against the dangers of mob violence

High clergy in the Church of England

The rebels in the German Peasants’ War

Christian humanists such as Erasmus of Rotterdam

Naples was facing unique social problems that other cities were not facing during this period.

The mercantilist policies implemented by the city’s ruling class had failed to develop Naples’ economy.

The spread of print materials in vernacular languages threatened Italy’s intellectual monopoly.

The belief that southern Italy was falling behind northern Italy economically

Fears that Italy was reaching Malthusian population limits

The Enlightenment belief in the perfectability of humanity

The expansion of cottage industry and the putting-out system

The development of new financial institutions

The imposition of guild restrictions on labor

The Thirty Years’ War was a uniquely devastating conflict in pre-twentieth-century European history.

Although ostensibly a conflict driven by religious differences, the Thirty Years’ War resulted from a variety of factors.

The devastation of the Thirty Years’ War undermined the theological justification for the concept of just war.

The emergence of second-wave feminism in Europe

The spread of existentialist thought in Britain during the Great Depression

Increasing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War

The Second World War opened up new economic and social opportunities for women.

The Second World War led more writers to question literary conventions and bourgeois social values.

The Second World War opened up Europe to increased American cultural and economic influence.

The Thirty Years War had a devastating impact on civilian populations in many parts of northern Europe.

The rulers of the German states maintained the right to designate the official religion of their territories.

Charles II was restored as the king of England after the interregnum of Oliver Cromwell’s Puritan military dictatorship.

What was the typical number of copies printed per pamphlet?

What was the literacy rate in France on the eve of the Revolution?

What was the typical retail price of a pamphlet, relative to average wages?

producers of pamphlets were reluctant to discuss the activities of censors, for fear of having their shops closed down

coming from Britain, with its free press, Young was unfamiliar with the concept of state censorship of books

because of the large number of titles involved, political pamphlets were not subject to the same laws and regulations regarding censorship as books

French physiocrats’ critique of mercantilism

Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations

The paintings of Jacques-Louis David

Anarchism

Conservatism

Neoclassicism

The publication of Marxist theory on the causes and course of future revolutions

The ongoing economic crisis in Europe known as the “Hungry ’40s”

The institution of a more representative form of government in Great Britain as a result of the Reform Bills

The increased immigration to Europe from colonial territories

The relative peacefulness of international relations within Europe

The unification of major European ethnic groups into nation-states

subsidize agriculture in an attempt to limit migration to the cities

place additional restrictions on the political rights of urban residents

encourage emigration to overseas colonies to ease overcrowding within Europe

Differences in the frequency and scale of military conflicts

Differences in the numbers of emigrants

Differences in landholding patterns and agricultural practices

The emergence of Mannerist and Baroque artistic styles

The development of cultural expressions that reflected nationalist values

The revival of Greek and Roman classical styles

Religious authorities who wished to emphasize the emotional aspects of Christian faith

Government officials who sought to be portrayed as figures from classical mythology

Protestant religious dissidents who favored art that broke with traditional Catholic motifs

Realist themes, which drew the audience’s attention to the suffering of the working class

Exotic themes, which reflected Europe’s increased interaction with foreign cultures

Positivist themes, which emphasized the improvement and perfectibility of humankind

France

The Holy Roman Empire

The Ottoman Empire

The massive inflow of silver from the Americas to Spain did not start until the second half of the sixteenth century.

A significant number of economic transactions in sixteenth-century Castile were still in the form of barters or exchanges in kind.

Charles’s economic policies in Castile were consistent with the principles of mercantilism.

Attempts by commercial and professional groups to obtain political power commensurate with their economic and social standing

Attempts by the peasantry to maintain access to common lands and other resources threatened by privatization by members of the nobility

Attempts by members of the landed aristocracy to reverse the trend toward greater use of professional or mercenary armies

constitutional monarchs

Enlightened monarchs

elective monarchs

The revival of Classical humanist texts during the Renaissance

Jesuit efforts to encourage the reading of the Bible

The development of mandatory public education systems

The growth of monastic orders for women during the Catholic Reformation, such as the Ursulines

The weakening of traditional Catholic institutions as a result of the Protestant Reformation

The practice of delaying marriage and postponing having children to improve economic prospects

The defendants in cases brought by the Spanish Inquisition were not a representative sample of the Spanish population at the time.

The compilers of the data in the table defined literacy as the ability to sign one’s name to a document.

The percentages in the tables were based on a very small number of cases.

The expansion of capitalist investment in joint-stock companies

The development of mercantilist trade practices

The periodic business downturns in industrial economies

The abolition of traditional guild restrictions

The implementation of laissez-faire trade policies

The development of mercantilist economic theories

To advocate for socialist revolution

To encourage French nationalism

To appeal to new consumer markets

The embrace of folk beliefs by elites

The increasing involvement of women in commercial activities

The ongoing social and religious tensions in England as a result of the Reformation

Mercantilism

Socialism

Absolutism

Abolishing traditional restrictions on labor

Nationalizing agricultural land and heavy industry

Expanding colonies in Africa

Western European efforts to halt the spread of Islam in Europe

The economic and social disruptions caused by the industrialization of the Ottoman Empire

The defeat of Napoleon by a coalition of conservative monarchies

the dissolution of Austria-Hungary

the modernization of the Russian Empire

the greater integration of Eastern Europe into the global trade system

Spain

The British Isles

France

Utilitarianism

Utopian socialism

Mercantilism

The right to national self-determination

The application of scientific laws to society

The redistribution of resources and wealth

Russia’s close cooperation with Austria against the Ottoman Empire

Russia’s support for Slavic independence movements in the Balkans

Russia’s expansionist aims in Central and East Asia

It made the first argument that there was a hierarchy of races among human beings.

It made the first argument in favor of colonization in the Tierra del Fuego region.

It made an explicit claim that dogs were related to wolves and jackals.

speculative nature, which was not common among scientific thinkers of his period

essentially positivist view of human progress, which broke with Enlightenment tradition

pessimistic view of development, which anticipated the cultural relativism that began to develop in the late nineteenth century

The growing influence of Marxist materialist conceptions of cultural and economic development

The revival of religious sentiment in response to the Enlightenment and Romantic movements

The development of Freudian psychology with its emphasis on human irrationality

organization of military opposition to the Reformation

establishment of new religious orders

reduction of papal control of doctrine

Galileo’s observations of sunspots as well as craters on the moon

Newton’s research into optical refraction

Brahe’s assertion that novas were not comets, but in fact newly visible stars

The increase in accusations of witchcraft in the late 1500s

The establishment of the Inquisition to suppress heresy

The creation of the Index of Prohibited Books

Traditional beliefs in astrology and spiritual forces

New conceptions of physical laws of nature formulated by Isaac Newton and others

The influence of the new scientific method formulated by Francis Bacon

European explorers were often outnumbered by Native Americans.

Lack of knowledge of Native American languages hindered the Europeans’ ability to understand Native American cultures.

The arrival of Europeans often threatened existing hierarchies in Native American societies.

Stylistic features of Native American art and artifacts

The exact geographic location of Columbus’ first landing in America

The willingness of Native Americans to welcome the arrival of Europeans

The reliance of European colonists on indigenous peoples as sources of information about new territories

The rapid adoption of some European technologies by indigenous peoples

The creation of hybrid cultures that incorporated both European and indigenous elements

many women were increasingly taking on the role of decision-maker in their families

many men were becoming more involved in child rearing and household management

many women used the revolutions of 1848 as an opportunity to express their sexuality more freely

The assertion of the traditional rights of the landed nobility against a centralized monarchy

The development of a new commercial aristocracy as a result of growing overseas trade

The modernization of the military through meritocracy and new technologies

Peter’s reforms of the Eastern Orthodox Church

Peter’s campaigns against the Ottoman Empire

Peter’s suppression of rebellious nobility

Louis’s modernization of the French military through the expansion of the paid standing army

Louis’s suppression of a revolt of the nobility known as the Fronde

Louis’s revocation of the Edict of Nantes