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Environmental and Economic Impacts of Resource Extraction*

Answer all questions.  Where calculations are required clearly show how you arrived at your answer.  Where explanation or discussion is required, support your answers with relevant information and/or specific examples.

Group 1

Crude oil is extracted, transported, and refined for various uses by humans.

Question 1a

Short answer

Describe one environmental impact on marine ecosystems associated with extraction or transportation of crude oil.

Question 1b

Short answer

Identify an atmospheric pollutant released during the combustion of refined oil products.

Question 1c

Short answer

Propose a solution an individual can use to reduce their reliance on refined oil products for transportation.

Question 1d

Short answer

Justify the solution proposed in the question above by providing a benefit to human health.

Group 2

Other natural resources, such as gold and silver, are also extracted. These resources can be used to make components for the electronics humans use. One metric ton of gold ore contains 5.0 grams of gold.

Question 2a

Short answer

A deposit is estimated to contain 260 million metric tons of gold ore. Calculate the number of grams of gold that could be extracted from the deposit. Show your work.

Question 2b

Short answer

Assuming the price of gold is $62.56 per gram, calculate the value of the gold that could be recovered from 1,000 metric tons of gold ore in the deposit. Show your work.

Question 2c

Short answer

A typical cell phone contains 0.034 grams of gold. Calculate how many metric tons of gold ore would need to be mined to extract enough gold to manufacture 100,000 cell phones. Show your work.

Environmental Science

4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th grade

Advanced Placement

Format

Short answer

Short answer rubric

Crude Oil FRQ Rubric

· Correct answers must state that marine life is harmed or killed by being coated or suffocated by oil from spills.
· Correct answers must state that animals are harmed or killed by ingesting spilled oil.
· Correct answers must state that oil slicks from spills can block sunlight from entering water and inhibit photosynthesis.
· Correct answers must state that oil that washes up on beaches, in marshes, or in estuaries damages habitats.
· Correct answers must state that noise pollution disrupts marine animals' ability to communicate, mate, eat, or evade predators.
· Correct answers must state that CO2 from the combustion of fuels in boats or equipment is absorbed by the ocean and contributes to ocean acidification.
· Correct answers must list one of the following air pollutants: CO2, NOX, SOX, PM, CO, VOCs.
· Correct answers must suggest one of the following as an alternative to driving: riding a bike, scooter, skateboard, walking, using a hybrid or electric vehicle, using alternative fuel vehicles, driving a more fuel-efficient vehicle, working from home, living close to employment, taking public transportation, or carpooling.
· Correct answers must state that fewer air pollutants lead to lower rates of respiratory illness, cardiovascular illness, or eye irritation, or that improved health and decreased risk of disease or cardiovascular illness result from more physical activity or exercise.
· Correct answers must include one of the following setups for the conversion: '260 million metric tons x 5 grams/ 1 metric ton', '260x10^6 metric tons x 5 grams', or '5 x 260000000'.
· Correct answers must state one of the following as the correct answer: '1300000000' or '1.3x10^9'.
· Correct answers must state the dollar amount as either '$312800' or '312800 dollars'.
· Correct answers must include one of the following setups for the conversion: '0.034 grams x1 metric ton x 100,000 cell phones 1 cell phone/5 grams', '0.034 grams x 1 metric ton x 100,000 1 cell phone/5 grams', '0.034 grams x 1 metric ton/5 grams x 100,000', or '0.034 x 100,000/5'.
· Correct answers must state '680 metric tons gold ore' as the correct answer.

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