AP Success - AP Psychology: Comprehensive Set 7
Question 1
Which of the following best describes the main advantage of using experimental methods in psychological research?
They enable researchers to infer cause and effect relationships.
They are less time-consuming than other research methods.
They allow for the observation of behavior in natural settings.
They can easily accommodate large numbers of participants.
They do not require manipulation of variables.
Question 2
During a stressful job interview, Sofia notices her heart rate increases and her palms sweat. These physiological reactions are most directly regulated by the:
Somatic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Motor nervous system
Central nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Question 3
The bending of light rays to focus on the retina is primarily a function of the:
Lens
Iris
Optic nerve
Cornea
Pupil
Question 4
A researcher measures the rate of a rat's lever pressing before and after it is exposed to a light that signals food delivery. This research is most directly related to the study of:
Operant conditioning
Insight learning
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
Latent learning
Question 5
A cognitive psychologist studying problem-solving skills compares the performance of chess masters to novice players. This study is likely examining:
Insight
Algorithms
Functional fixedness
Mental set
Heuristics
Question 6
During a "fight-or-flight" response, which of the following best describes the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
It prepares the body to confront or flee from threats.
It enhances memory recall functions.
It decreases heart rate and increases digestion.
It conserves energy for future action.
It is responsible for the body's restful states.
Question 7
Leila finds herself eating not out of hunger but because she is stressed about her upcoming exams. This behavior best illustrates which of the following concepts?
The set point theory
Homeostasis
Emotional eating
Intrinsic motivation
The Yerkes-Dodson Law
Question 8
In the context of psychological disorders, the term comorbidity refers to:
The occurrence of two or more disorders in the same individual.
The effectiveness of different treatments for the same disorder.
The commonality of a specific disorder in the population.
Disorders that have similar symptoms and may be misdiagnosed.
The likelihood of a disorder being passed down from parent to child.
Question 9
Which theory suggests that we experience arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it, which then leads to our experience of emotion?
James-Lange Theory
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Drive Reduction Theory
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Question 10
In a study measuring the effects of study techniques on retention rates, the technique that resulted in higher retention rates would be considered:
An independent variable.
A dependent variable.
A controlled variable.
A confounding variable.
A variable of no significance.
Question 11
Elizabeth Loftus' research on eyewitness testimony has primarily shown that:
Eyewitness testimony is always reliable
Memory reconstruction can be influenced by misleading information
Visual imagery cannot be used to improve memory
People have unlimited capacity for storing long-term memories
Long-term memory is permanently stable
Question 12
Which theory of development suggests that moral reasoning progresses through a series of stages?
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Erik Erikson's psychosocial development
B.F. Skinner's behaviorist theory
Question 13
Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to:
Increase their efforts when they are in competitive situations.
Work harder in a group than when alone.
Exert less effort when pooling efforts towards a common goal than when individually accountable.
Follow the directives of authority figures without question.
Become more cautious in their decisions when in a group.
Question 14
A client-centered therapist is most likely to:
Encourage the client to lead the direction of the therapy session.
Use classical conditioning techniques to alter behavior.
Prescribe medication to improve the client's mood.
Analyze the client’s early childhood experiences.
Challenge the client’s irrational beliefs.
Question 15
The facial feedback hypothesis provides a link between which two psychological concepts?
Cognitive appraisals and stress responses
Emotional expressions and emotional experience
Physiological arousal and emotional experience
Personality traits and behavioral theories
Motivational states and cognitive dissonance
Question 16
The hippocampus plays a significant role in:
Processing procedural memories
Coordinating motor movements
Regulating the sleep cycle
Forming new explicit memories
Balancing emotional states
Question 17
When Mark moved his watch from his left wrist to his right, he felt it constantly. However, after a few hours, he ceased to notice it. This change in sensitivity illustrates the concept of:
Sensory adaptation
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing
Perceptual set
Signal detection
Question 18
Mindfulness meditation, a technique often used in therapy, primarily aims to:
Stimulate unconscious thought processes.
Increase awareness of present experiences.
Change irrational beliefs.
Improve physical health.
Enhance spiritual well-being.
Question 19
An fMRI scan can show changes in brain activity by detecting:
Variations in the speed of action potentials
Alterations in electrical charges across the neuron membrane
Structural abnormalities in the brain
Changes in blood oxygen levels in the brain
The presence of neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap
Question 20
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it is called:
Latent learning
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Insight learning
Operant conditioning
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