2.1 Perception

Answer each of the following multiple-choice questions by selecting the best answer. Some questions are based on provided scenarios. All questions must be answered.

Questions 1-10: General questions on perception and attention.

You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates

Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Mrs. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called

In University of Utah driving-simulation experiments, students conversing on cell phones were slower to detect and respond to traffic signals. This best illustrates

Researchers found that 40 percent of people focused on repeating a list of challenging words failed to notice a change in the person speaking. This best illustrates

Ohio State University pedestrians were more likely to cross streets unsafely if they were talking on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of

Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered

In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated

When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates

Please use this scenario to answer the next two questions.

What variable did Dr. Carmichael investigate in his study?

Which of the following research techniques did Dr. Carmichael use in his study?

Questions 13-77: General questions on perception, Gestalt principles, depth cues, perceptual constancy, adaptation, and related research scenarios.

A perceptual set is a

In 1972, a British newspaper published pictures of a “Loch Ness Monster.” Many people readily perceived photographs of a floating tree trunk as the partially submerged monster. This illustrates the powerful influence of

After learning that her new school friend had experienced several episodes of depression during junior high, Erin incorrectly perceived her friend's laughter as artificial and phony. This best illustrates the impact of

When researchers added a few drops of vinegar to a brand-name beer, the beer tasters disliked it only if they had been told they were drinking vinegar-laced beer. This best illustrates the impact of

Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to

As Maria and her little brother looked up at the clouds, he exclaimed, “That one looks like a giant dinosaur!” Maria thought it looked more like a giant duck. Which of the following concepts best explains their different interpretations of the same ambiguous stimuli?

Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry teacher several times a week, she didn't recognize the teacher when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of

The horizon moon appears to shrink in size if it is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates the perception of distance cues. This best illustrates the importance of

To those throwing a very heavy rather than a light object at a target, the target is likely to be perceived as

Mr. Logwood's eyewitness perceptions of a car accident were influenced by his inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences, his learned schemas, and by other eyewitnesses' reactions to the car accident. An integrated understanding of Mr. Logwood's perceptions of the accident is most clearly provided by

A gestalt is best described as a(n)

Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?

One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?

A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________.

The cocktail party effect is your ability to selectively attend to one voice among many. This ability also illustrates the Gestalt principle of

The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called

While singing to you on your birthday, your friends leave off the very last word of the song, “Happy birthday to you, Happy birthday to you, Happy birthday dear David, Happy birthday to….” Your tendency to mentally fill in the last word best reflects which of the following Gestalt principles of organization?

An integrated understanding of perception in terms of our sensory capacities, cultural contexts, and Gestalt principles is most clearly provided by

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called

Experiments with the visual cliff suggest that

Which factor appears to be important for the development of depth perception in infancy?

Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?

A 3-D movie enhances our sense of depth perception by simulating the effects of

Depth perception that uses information transmitted to only one eye depends on

Which of the following is most helpful in perceiving the distance of objects far away from you?

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as

Interposition is a cue for depth perception in which closer objects

Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of the distance cue known as

As we move, objects that are fixed in place, a light pole, for example, may appear to move. What is this monocular cue for depth called?

We compute motion based on the assumption that shrinking objects are

Imagine your friend walking toward you in the hall at school. As your friend gets closer, the image cast on your retina

The steadily increasing size of the retinal image of an approaching object is especially important for perceiving the object's

The perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates

The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces

When two adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession, we perceive a single light moving back and forth between them. This is called

The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates

Dr. Dannelley conducted a study on the autokinetic effect. Which of the following research study descriptions would Dr. Dannelley could describe her research?

Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of

The perceived size of an object is most strongly influenced by that object's perceived

As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the phenomenon of

Knowing about the effects of the perceived distance of objects on their perceived size helps us to understand

The Moon illusion can best be explained in terms of the relationship between

As a door opens, it casts an increasingly trapezoidal shape on our retinas; however, we still perceive it as rectangular. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Brightness constancy refers to the fact that

Relative luminance most clearly contributes to

Jody's horse looks just as black in the brilliant sunlight as it does in the dim light of the stable. This illustrates what is known as

Color constancy refers to the fact that

On a cloudy day, a yellow flower is likely to appear ________ it does on a bright sunny day.

The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that

As your teacher dims the lights to show a movie clip, you still perceive your friend's shirt as red. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

The tendency to hear the steady drip of a leaky sink faucet as if it were a repeating rhythm of two or more beats best illustrates

Please use the following scenario to answer the next two questions.

What psychological concept did Dr. Salazar study?

Which of the following statements best illustrates what Dr. Salazar can conclude from her study?

Questions 68-79: Perceptual development, adaptation, and research design.

Rebecca was born with cataracts that were not surgically removed until she was 3 years old. As a result, Rebecca is most likely to

When visually deprived infant monkeys were first allowed to see, they could not visually distinguish

Humans born blind or kittens raised under restricted conditions do not have the cortical regions needed to interpret visual stimuli. Sensory restriction does not appear to do damage if it occurs later in life. This suggests that

Perceptual adaptation refers to the

The impact of experience on perception is most clearly illustrated by

Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis very effectively. This best illustrates the value of

After chicks were fitted with special lenses that visually displaced objects to the left, they

Imagine that a softball player wears special glasses that shift her visual field upward 20 degrees. This means that when the player wears these glasses, everything appears higher than it actually is. With practice the player can hit a ball with the glasses on. What will happen when the player first hits a ball with the glasses off?

The tendency to perceive a moving light in the night sky as belonging to an airplane rather than a satellite best illustrates the impact of

After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of

Which of the following depth cues would likely be different between individuals in these different groups?

Why can this study not be run as an experiment?