AP Success - AP Psychology: Comprehensive Set 2
Question 1
Ivan Pavlov's research demonstrating that dogs could learn to salivate at the sound of a bell is a classic example of:
Observational learning
Latent learning
Insight learning
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Question 2
The tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition on another's behavior is known as:
Group polarization
Confirmation bias
The halo effect
The fundamental attribution error
The self-serving bias
Question 3
Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood disorders such as depression?
Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Question 4
A researcher studying the effects of caffeine on the alertness of students during morning classes is most likely to use which research method?
Experiment
Case study
Correlational study
Naturalistic observation
Survey
Question 5
In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need to build relationships and feel part of a group is classified as:
Belongingness and love needs
Physiological needs
Esteem needs
Safety needs
Self-actualization needs
Question 6
The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment is called:
Encoding
Sensation
Perception
Retrieval
Transduction
Question 7
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the growth potential of healthy individuals?
Behavioral
Psychoanalytic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Biological
Question 8
Jamal recently learned to play the piano. Despite not playing for several years, he finds that he can still play many songs. This ability to retain skills over time is an example of:
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
Flashbulb memory
Echoic memory
Question 9
According to Erikson's theory, the primary task during adolescence involves:
Generating new ideas
Forming an identity
Mastering the skill of initiative
Creating intimate relationships
Developing a sense of trust
Question 10
The Bobo doll experiment, conducted by Albert Bandura, demonstrated the importance of what in learning behavior?
Classical conditioning
Unconditioned responses
Reinforcement
Observation
Punishment
Question 11
Which part of the brain is primarily involved in controlling heart rate, digestion, and breathing?
Thalamus
Medulla
Cerebellum
Limbic system
Hypothalamus
Question 12
The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured often through treatment in a hospital is known as the:
Biopsychosocial approach
Medical model
Psychodynamic approach
Cognitive model
Humanistic approach
Question 13
The just-world phenomenon refers to the tendency of people to believe that:
World peace is achievable in our lifetime
Justice is always served in the legal system
Good things happen to good people
Everyone has equal opportunities for success
The world is fair and people get what they deserve
Question 14
An individual's consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is known as their:
Persona
Personality
Character
Temperament
Attitude
Question 15
Which method would be most effective in studying the development of motor skills from infancy through adulthood?
Longitudinal study
Case study
Experimental method
Survey
Cross-sectional study
Question 16
The phenomenon in which individuals perform better or worse in the presence of others is known as:
Groupthink
Social loafing
Group polarization
Social facilitation
Deindividuation
Question 17
Cognitive dissonance theory is most likely to be applied to which of the following situations?
Lily develops a fear of dogs after being bitten by one
Julian learns a new math concept by building on what he already knows
Amara feels uneasy because her actions conflict with her values
Sofia memorizes the capitals of all the countries in the world
Marcus changes his attitude toward a political issue after discussing it with friends
Question 18
The replication of a research study, generally with different participants and in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances is called:
Cross-sectional study
Peer review
Replication
Meta-analysis
Longitudinal study
Question 19
The bystander effect refers to the finding that an individual is less likely to offer help to a victim when:
They are in a familiar environment
They are alone
Other people are present
They are in a hurry
The victim is similar to them in some way
Question 20
Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of "groupthink"?
A team of scientists openly debates and critiques each other's hypotheses
A jury reviews evidence independently before coming to a verdict
A classroom of students arrives at a consensus after a group discussion
A committee ignores dissenting opinions to present a united front
A group of friends decides where to go for dinner after everyone expresses their preferences
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