AP Success - AP Psychology: Comprehensive Set 2

Question 1

Multiple choice
Ivan Pavlov's research demonstrating that dogs could learn to salivate at the sound of a bell is a classic example of:
  • Observational learning

  • Latent learning

  • Insight learning

  • Operant conditioning

  • Classical conditioning

Question 2

Multiple choice
The tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition on another's behavior is known as:
  • Group polarization

  • Confirmation bias

  • The halo effect

  • The fundamental attribution error

  • The self-serving bias

Question 3

Multiple choice
Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood disorders such as depression?
  • Serotonin

  • Dopamine

  • GABA

  • Acetylcholine

  • Norepinephrine

Question 4

Multiple choice
A researcher studying the effects of caffeine on the alertness of students during morning classes is most likely to use which research method?
  • Experiment

  • Case study

  • Correlational study

  • Naturalistic observation

  • Survey

Question 5

Multiple choice
In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need to build relationships and feel part of a group is classified as:
  • Belongingness and love needs

  • Physiological needs

  • Esteem needs

  • Safety needs

  • Self-actualization needs

Question 6

Multiple choice
The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment is called:
  • Encoding

  • Sensation

  • Perception

  • Retrieval

  • Transduction

Question 7

Multiple choice
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the growth potential of healthy individuals?
  • Behavioral

  • Psychoanalytic

  • Cognitive

  • Humanistic

  • Biological

Question 8

Multiple choice
Jamal recently learned to play the piano. Despite not playing for several years, he finds that he can still play many songs. This ability to retain skills over time is an example of:
  • Episodic memory

  • Semantic memory

  • Procedural memory

  • Flashbulb memory

  • Echoic memory

Question 9

Multiple choice
According to Erikson's theory, the primary task during adolescence involves:
  • Generating new ideas

  • Forming an identity

  • Mastering the skill of initiative

  • Creating intimate relationships

  • Developing a sense of trust

Question 10

Multiple choice
The Bobo doll experiment, conducted by Albert Bandura, demonstrated the importance of what in learning behavior?
  • Classical conditioning

  • Unconditioned responses

  • Reinforcement

  • Observation

  • Punishment

Question 11

Multiple choice
Which part of the brain is primarily involved in controlling heart rate, digestion, and breathing?
  • Thalamus

  • Medulla

  • Cerebellum

  • Limbic system

  • Hypothalamus

Question 12

Multiple choice
The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured often through treatment in a hospital is known as the:
  • Biopsychosocial approach

  • Medical model

  • Psychodynamic approach

  • Cognitive model

  • Humanistic approach

Question 13

Multiple choice
The just-world phenomenon refers to the tendency of people to believe that:
  • World peace is achievable in our lifetime

  • Justice is always served in the legal system

  • Good things happen to good people

  • Everyone has equal opportunities for success

  • The world is fair and people get what they deserve

Question 14

Multiple choice
An individual's consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is known as their:
  • Persona

  • Personality

  • Character

  • Temperament

  • Attitude

Question 15

Multiple choice
Which method would be most effective in studying the development of motor skills from infancy through adulthood?
  • Longitudinal study

  • Case study

  • Experimental method

  • Survey

  • Cross-sectional study

Question 16

Multiple choice
The phenomenon in which individuals perform better or worse in the presence of others is known as:
  • Groupthink

  • Social loafing

  • Group polarization

  • Social facilitation

  • Deindividuation

Question 17

Multiple choice
Cognitive dissonance theory is most likely to be applied to which of the following situations?
  • Lily develops a fear of dogs after being bitten by one

  • Julian learns a new math concept by building on what he already knows

  • Amara feels uneasy because her actions conflict with her values

  • Sofia memorizes the capitals of all the countries in the world

  • Marcus changes his attitude toward a political issue after discussing it with friends

Question 18

Multiple choice
The replication of a research study, generally with different participants and in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances is called:
  • Cross-sectional study

  • Peer review

  • Replication

  • Meta-analysis

  • Longitudinal study

Question 19

Multiple choice
The bystander effect refers to the finding that an individual is less likely to offer help to a victim when:
  • They are in a familiar environment

  • They are alone

  • Other people are present

  • They are in a hurry

  • The victim is similar to them in some way

Question 20

Multiple choice
Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of "groupthink"?
  • A team of scientists openly debates and critiques each other's hypotheses

  • A jury reviews evidence independently before coming to a verdict

  • A classroom of students arrives at a consensus after a group discussion

  • A committee ignores dissenting opinions to present a united front

  • A group of friends decides where to go for dinner after everyone expresses their preferences

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