AP Success - AP Psychology: Comprehensive Set 5
Question 1
Which theory suggests that simply anticipating a laugh can reduce stress hormone levels?
Cognitive appraisal theory
Broaden-and-build theory
Humor theory
Biofeedback theory
Facial feedback hypothesis
Question 2
The ability to recognize that one's own beliefs and values may not be shared by others from different cultural or societal backgrounds is known as:
Ethnocentrism
Cultural relativism
Moral reasoning
Social loafing
The outgroup homogeneity effect
Question 3
In the context of decision-making, loss aversion refers to:
Preferring decisions that will result in a gain, regardless of the risk
The inability to make decisions due to the fear of being wrong
A strategy to minimize risk by distributing it across various options
The effect of previously lost resources on current decision-making
The tendency to prefer avoiding losses over acquiring equivalent gains
Question 4
Which type of attachment, as described by Mary Ainsworth, is characterized by children who show indifference toward their caregivers?
Disorganized attachment
Anxious-preoccupied attachment
Insecure-resistant attachment
Insecure-avoidant attachment
Secure attachment
Question 5
The Zeigarnik effect explains the tendency to:
Remember uncompleted or interrupted tasks better than completed ones
Change one’s behavior in response to being observed
Experience increased arousal in the presence of a potential mate
Prefer stimuli that we have been exposed to more frequently
Perform simple tasks better when in the presence of others
Question 6
Which psychological principle explains the decrease in perceived novelty and excitement within long-term relationships over time?
Cognitive dissonance
Hedonic adaptation
The mere exposure effect
The contrast effect
Sensory adaptation
Question 7
In the context of emotional intelligence, the ability to manage one's emotions effectively in various situations is known as:
Self-awareness
Self-regulation
Motivation
Social skills
Empathy
Question 8
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute others' behaviors to ___ factors, while underestimating ___ factors.
situational; personal
external; internal
personal; situational
stable; unstable
unstable; stable
Question 9
The process by which individuals understand and categorize the emotional state of another person is referred to as:
Affective forecasting
Affect regulation
Emotional intelligence
Emotional contagion
Empathic accuracy
Question 10
"Choice overload" occurs when:
An individual repeatedly changes their decision out of uncertainty.
A choice aligns with group norms but not personal preference.
Too many options are available, making it difficult to make a decision.
A decision is made too quickly, leading to regret.
Not enough information is available to make an informed decision.
Question 11
Psychological reactance is a reaction to:
Perceived threats to one's autonomy or freedom of choice
Inconsistencies in one's self-concept
Unmet expectations in interpersonal interactions
The loss of a valued relationship or object
Exposure to a traumatic event
Question 12
The Glass Cliff phenomenon refers to:
The tendency for women and minority leaders to be chosen for leadership roles during crisis situations
The fragility of high-status positions held by women and minorities
The cognitive dissonance experienced by individuals when their efforts are not rewarded
The stress associated with maintaining a high level of performance to avoid failure
The invisible barriers that prevent minorities from reaching executive positions
Question 13
The "paradox of choice" suggests that having too many options may lead to:
A faster decision-making process
More creative problem-solving strategies
Improved decision-making skills over time
Decreased satisfaction and increased anxiety
Greater satisfaction with one's final choice
Question 14
Which concept is central to Alfred Adler's theory of personality?
Actualizing tendency
Behavior modification
Archetypes
Inferiority complex
Oedipus complex
Question 15
A psychological barrier that prevents people from achieving higher levels of self-actualization, due to societal pressures and judgments, is known as:
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Social conditioning
The Jonah complex
Self-censorship
The spotlight effect
Question 16
In social psychology, the "bait-and-switch" technique is used to:
Increase compliance by starting with a small request followed by a larger one
Decrease cognitive dissonance through justification of effort
Manipulate group opinions through selective exposure to information
Encourage conformity within a group
Influence individuals by offering a desirable option and then changing it to a less desirable one
Question 17
The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone is known as:
Groupthink
The bystander effect
Group polarization
Social loafing
Social facilitation
Question 18
"Psychological scaffolding" refers to:
The support given to learners that enables them to move toward higher levels of understanding
The cognitive structures that support the acquisition of language
The environmental factors that support the development of personality
The social dynamics that contribute to the development of group norms
The emotional support necessary for overcoming psychological disorders
Question 19
The illusion of transparency is the belief that:
Our intentions and thoughts are more obscure to others than they actually are
Our concealed emotions are easily perceivable by others
Others have a clearer understanding of the world than we do
People are more attentive to us than they actually are
Our private thoughts are not as private as we believe
Question 20
The concept of "mindfulness" in psychological therapy emphasizes:
The active cultivation of nonjudgmental awareness of the present moment
The identification and challenging of irrational beliefs
The development of personal coping strategies based on past experiences
The analysis of unconscious motives behind behavior
The reinforcement of positive behaviors to modify maladaptive ones
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