Research Methods AP- MC

• Replication

• Random Assignment

• Random Sampling

• Double-Blind Technique

• "Video gaming" is defined as playing video games on any electronic device including consoles, computers, or mobile phones, specifically for more than three hours per day.

• "Poor sleep quality" is quantified by the total sleep time of less than seven hours per night, more than 30 minutes to fall asleep, and more than three awakenings during the night as recorded by the wearable sleep tracker.

• "Teenagers" are identified as individuals aged between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in middle or high school, and actively participating in the study.

• "Electronic devices" include any device capable of running video game software, such as consoles, computers, tablets, and smartphones.

• Random sampling of research subjects

• Operational definitions of procedures

• Random assignment of participants into experimental or control conditions

• Use of the double-blind procedure

• Randomly assign participants to groups

• Use the double-blind technique

• Operationally define the procedures used

• Randomly sample participants

• The results cannot be generalized to a large population.

• The particular wording of questions can affect the results.

• Neither the researcher nor the subject knows what condition the subject has been assigned to.

• Since case studies are conducted quickly, they may lead to inaccurate conclusions.

• Random assignment

• Case studies

• Correlational studies

• Surveys

Group 7

Source 7.1

• The type of stress management intervention.

• The mean stress level before the intervention.

• The mean stress level after the intervention.

• The change in stress levels before and after the intervention.

• Correlational study.

• Experimental study.

• Naturalistic observation.

• Case study.

• Mean

• Range

• Standard deviation

• Effect sizes

• Increase the sample size and include participants from different universities.

• Conduct a single-blind study to ensure participants do not know their assigned groups.

• Implement a placebo group instead of providing a booklet.

• Test the mindfulness program with a different age group, such as elderly adults.

• There is an inverse relationship between the two variables.

• There is a very weak relationship between the two variables

• The finding is statistically significant.

• As one variable increases, another variable increases

• -0.95

• +0.10

• -0.40

• +0.65

• Random assignment

• Random sampling

• The double-blind technique

• Use of control variables

• The findings are important and will impact our understanding of a specific psychological phenomenon.

• The scores in the distributions for the two groups are normally distributed.

• Outliers have skewed the distribution of the scores for the different groups.

• The difference between the groups is not likely due to chance.

• Survey

• Case study

• Naturalistic observation

• Experimentation

• were likely influenced by the dependent variable.

• represented the control group in the study.

• were part of the experimental group designed to test color impact.

• were included through a convenience sampling method.

• The type of environmental setting

• The stress levels of participants

• The physiological indicators measured

• The age range of the participants

• inverse relationship.

• statistically significant result

• positive correlation.

• negative skew.

• 12.5 minutes

• 14.5 minutes

• 15.5 minutes

• 16.5 minutes

• Institutional review board approval

• Informed consent

• Debriefing

• Confidentiality

• Confirmation bias

• Hindsight bias

• Overconfidence

• The availability heuristic

• Cross-sectional study

• Meta-analysis

• Correlational study

• Longitudinal study

• Naturalistic observation

• Experimental design

• Survey research

• Case study

• The type of music played during the reading session.

• The reading comprehension quiz scores.

• The academic achievement levels of the participants.

• The complexity of the scientific article.

• To determine the causal relationship between management support and employee productivity.

• To quantify the subjective opinions of employees in a way that can be statistically analyzed.

• To identify specific employees who are dissatisfied for targeted interviews.

• To test a new theory regarding the impact of work-life balance on job satisfaction.

• Avoidance of deception

• Confidentiality

• Protection from harm

• Informed consent

• The inherent effectiveness of the supplement influenced both groups.

• The placebo effect, where beliefs and expectations lead to real changes.

• Improvements due to external factors unrelated to the study.

• Enhanced researcher interactions influenced outcomes.

• The control group participants receive the new therapy to compare their progress against those not receiving it.

• The control group helps measure the natural progression of social skills without the influence of the new therapy program.

• The control group is used to provide additional therapy sessions to reinforce the effects observed in the experimental group.

• The control group participates in alternative experimental treatments to test various methods simultaneously.

• It ensures that each participant has the same chance of being in either the park or the room group, thus controlling for participant biases.

• It allows Dr. Ellis to predict the stress levels of students before the experiment begins.

• It guarantees that all participants will benefit equally from the experiment, regardless of their assigned group.

• It helps in determining the exact time each participant should spend in their assigned environment for optimal results.

• To ensure that the survey results can be generalized to the global population.

• To guarantee that all participants have leadership experience.

• To focus the research only on specific cultures with strong leadership traits.

• To comply with ethical guidelines in psychological research.

• To determine the average amount of sleep that all teenagers get.

• To identify which sleep duration is most common among teenagers.

• To measure how much individual sleep durations vary around the average.

• To find out the minimum and maximum sleep durations recorded.

• Overconfidence bias, where executives’ certainty in their predictions exceeds their accuracy.

• Hindsight bias, where executives believe they knew the actual outcomes beforehand.

• Self-serving bias, where executives attribute successful predictions to their skill but blame failures on external factors.

• Availability heuristic, where executives base their predictions on the most readily available information.

• Confirmation bias, where respondents agree with statements that confirm their existing beliefs about technology.

• Wording effect, where the phrasing of questions influences how respondents interpret and respond to survey questions.

• Social desirability bias, where respondents answer in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.

• Anchoring bias, where respondents rely heavily on the first piece of information they receive.

• To prevent participants from altering their behavior based on the treatment they believe they are receiving.

• To allow therapists to adjust their methods based on participant response without bias.

• To avoid bias in data analysis by ensuring researchers are unaware of treatment allocation.

• To enable a double-blind study where neither participants nor therapists know the treatment being administered.

• To quantify a psychological construct in a way that can be empirically measured.

• To determine the effectiveness of different office layouts on productivity.

• To assess whether employees prefer more choices or fixed schedules.

• To validate the methods used for measuring physiological stress markers.