AP Success - AP Psychology: Comprehensive Set 9
Question 1
The concept of "chunking" refers to:
The tendency to recall the first items in a list
The automatic encoding of incidental information
The tendency to recall the last items in a list
The encoding of sounds, especially the sound of words
The organization of information into meaningful units
Question 2
Which of the following is a principle of Gestalt psychology?
Behavior is motivated by unconscious desires
Learning is achieved through reinforcement
The whole is different from the sum of its parts
Perception is purely subjective
Sensory adaptation is essential for survival
Question 3
Mirror neurons are most closely associated with the process of:
Classical conditioning
Sensitization
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Habituation
Question 4
If a dog salivates to a bell because the bell has been repeatedly presented before food, the salivation to the bell is a(n):
Unconditioned response
Operant behavior
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Question 5
A developmental psychologist uses a cross-sectional research design to study how memory changes with age. What is a primary advantage of this research design?
It assesses changes within individuals over time.
It is less time-consuming than longitudinal studies.
It eliminates the cohort effect.
It controls for environmental variables more effectively.
It provides detailed information about individual developmental trajectories.
Question 6
The sympathetic nervous system is activated under conditions of stress. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates its effect?
Lee's saliva production increases as he smells food cooking.
Alex's digestion slows down when he is about to give a public speech.
Jamie's pupils dilate when she enters a dark room.
Kim's hair stands on end when she is cold.
Chris experiences a decrease in heart rate while meditating.
Question 7
An inability to recognize faces, even of those close to the individual, due to brain damage is known as:
Anosmia
Agnosia
Aphasia
Prosopagnosia
Synesthesia
Question 8
Jayden has been diagnosed with a personality disorder characterized by a lack of remorse, manipulativeness, and impulsivity. This description most closely fits which of the following disorders?
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Question 9
A therapist who uses techniques from various forms of therapy depending on the client's problems is practicing:
Cognitive therapy
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic therapy
Behavioral therapy
Eclectic therapy
Question 10
Despite the passing cars and bustling crowd, Lila can focus on her friend's voice. This illustrates:
Retinal disparity
The cocktail party effect
Selective attention
Figure-ground relationship
Visual cliff
Question 11
Dr. Liu believes that abnormal behaviors can be understood in terms of brain structures and biochemical processes. This belief aligns with which perspective?
Behavioral
Cognitive
Psychodynamic
Biomedical
Sociocultural
Question 12
A child learns to stop fighting with his siblings after his parents implement a time-out strategy. This is an example of:
Positive reinforcement
Latent learning
Negative reinforcement
Classical conditioning
Punishment
Question 13
A child psychologist uses play therapy to help children express their feelings. This approach is most effective with children in which developmental stage?
Preoperational
Sensorimotor
Trust vs. Mistrust
Formal operational
Concrete operational
Question 14
A major depressive disorder is BEST characterized by:
Periods of extreme happiness followed by periods of deep sadness.
A split personality.
Fluctuating moods in response to external events.
Intense, irrational fears of specific objects.
Persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.
Question 15
Alex frequently experiences intense fear and physical symptoms like sweating and rapid heartbeat, even in the absence of any real threat. These episodes are most indicative of:
Social Anxiety Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Panic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Question 16
Aggression can be increased by:
Watching violent television shows.
Bright lighting.
High levels of serotonin.
Listening to classical music.
Consuming sugar.
Question 17
Which of the following best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
Regulates basic life functions like heartbeat
Processes sensory information about external stimuli
Returns the body to a resting state after arousal
Prepares the body for intense physical activity
Question 18
When conducting an experiment on the effects of sleep deprivation on memory, the dependent variable would be:
The age of the participants.
The memory test scores of the participants.
The type of memory test administered.
The number of hours each participant sleeps.
The participants' caffeine consumption.
Question 19
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a specific type of cognitive-behavioral therapy developed to treat:
Bipolar disorder
Major depressive disorder
Schizophrenia
Borderline personality disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Question 20
Stereotypes are best described as:
Generalized beliefs about the characteristics of a group of people
Behaviors that individuals show because of group pressure
Actions directed toward a group because of its members' perceived characteristics
Negative feelings toward a group based on their membership in that group
Positive or negative beliefs that affect our interaction with a particular group
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