AP Success - AP US History: Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights

President Lyndon Johnson advocated for expanding civil rights to African Americans.
The issue of equal rights for American Negroes is such an issue. And should we defeat every enemy, should we double our wealth and conquer the stars, and still be unequal to this issue, then we will have failed as a people and as a nation.
…This was the first nation in the history of the world to be founded with a purpose. The great phrases of that purpose still sound in every American heart, North and South: “All men are created equal”—“government by consent of the governed”—“give me liberty or give me death.” Well, those are not just clever words, or those are not just empty theories. In their name Americans have fought and died for two centuries, and tonight around the world they stand there as guardians of our liberty, risking their lives.
Those words are a promise to every citizen that he shall share in the dignity of man. This dignity cannot be found in a man’s possessions; it cannot be found in his power, or in his position. It really rests on his right to be treated as a man equal in opportunity to all others. It says that he shall share in freedom, he shall choose his leaders, educate his children, and provide for his family according to his ability and his merits as a human being.
To apply any other test–to deny a man his hopes because of his color or race, his religion or the place of his birth–is not only to do injustice, it is to deny America and to dishonor the dead who gave their lives for American freedom.
President Johnson to Congress: The American Promise, March 15, 1965

Question 1

Short answer
Briefly identify ONE specific claim about the Civil Rights Movement expressed in the excerpt.

Question 2

Short answer
Briefly explain ONE specific historical development from 1945 to 1965 that led President Johnson to make the argument expressed in the excerpt. 

Question 3

Short answer
Briefly explain how the arguments President Johnson made in the excerpt were challenged from 1965 to 1980.

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