AP Success - AP US History: Scientists on Nuclear Warfare

The scientists working on the Manhattan Project in World War II tried to warn the government about the dangers associated with nuclear weapons.
We have been made strongly aware of the dangers inherent in the mishandling of this tremendous force by the peoples of the world. We have seen in the case of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that one crude, pioneering atomic bomb is sufficient to destroy a city of medium size. It is certain that further development will result in bombs of vastly greater destructive potential. The Pearl Harbor attack which destroyed most of Pacific Fleet may be dwarfed in a future war by a disaster in which as much as a quarter of our population and the major part of our industry will suddenly disappear. This may even be a conservative estimate of the damage that will occur before we are in a position to retaliate, if retaliation be any longer possible. It will be a small consolation to have the largest supply of the world’s best bombs; it may be too late to use them. It is possible that we may not even know who our attackers are.
Preliminary Statement of the Association of Manhattan District Scientists, August 1945

Question 1

Short answer
Briefly identify ONE warning about the future of warfare expressed in the excerpt.

Question 2

Short answer
Briefly explain ONE specific historical development that led to the warning as expressed in the excerpt.

Question 3

Short answer
Briefly evaluate ONE way that American nuclear policy from 1945 to 1980 was influenced by the message expressed in the excerpt.

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