AP Success - AP US History: Defending Black Voting Rights Before the Civil War

In 1838, Black Philadelphians issued a statement appealing to their fellow citizens after being stripped of their right to vote by the "Reform Convention."
FELLOW CITIZENS:— We appeal to you from the decision of the “Reform Convention,” which has stripped us of a right peaceably enjoyed during forty-seven years under the Constitution of this commonwealth...To all her citizens the right of suffrage is valuable in proportion as she is free; but surely there are none who can so ill afford to spare it as ourselves…To us our right under the Constitution has been more precious, and our deprivation of it will be the more grievous, because our expatriation has come to be a darling project with many of our fellow citizens...We are PENNSYLVANIANS, and we hope to see the day when Pennsylvania will have reason to be proud of us...We were regarded as citizens by those who drew up the articles of confederation between the States, in 1778…On the adoption of the present Constitution of the United States no change was made as to the rights of citizenship...We ask your attention, fellow citizens, to facts and testimonies which go to show that, considering the circumstances in which we have been placed, our country has no reason to be ashamed of us...We would not misrepresent the motives of the Convention; but we are constrained to believe that they have laid our rights a sacrifice on the altar of slavery...Firm upon our old Pennsylvania BILL OF RIGHTS, and trusting in a God of Truth and justice, we lay our claim before you, with the warning that no amendments of the present Constitution can compensate for the loss of its foundation principle of equal rights, nor for the conversion into enemies of 40,000 friends.
"Black Philadelphians Defend their Voting Rights, 1838." American Yawp.

Question 1

Short answer
Briefly identify one perspective about suffrage expressed in the excerpt.

Question 2

Short answer
Briefly explain one historical trend that influenced the decision of the "Reform Convention."

Question 3

Short answer
Briefly explain one way the Supreme Court challenged the ideas expressed in the excerpt between 1838 and 1860.

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