CAASPP Success - Grade 8 Reading Comprehension - Expository #1

Secrets of the Hagia Sophia

The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul is more than just a building; it’s a place where history, art, and mystery come together in a way that few other places can match. Originally constructed as a cathedral nearly 1,500 years ago by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, the Hagia Sophia has since been a mosque, a museum, and is now a mosque again. Over the centuries, it has witnessed countless historical events and has been a symbol of power, faith, and architectural genius.

Emperor Justinian I, who ruled the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century, dreamed of building a structure that would showcase the glory of his empire and his faith. He wanted a cathedral that would outshine all others, something that people would remember for generations. To achieve this, he enlisted the help of two brilliant architects, Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus. The result was the Hagia Sophia, which means "Holy Wisdom" in Greek—a fitting name for such a magnificent building.

5

Justinian wasn’t alone in his ambitions; his wife, Empress Theodora, played a crucial role in the empire’s history and the creation of the Hagia Sophia. Theodora, who had risen from humble beginnings to become one of the most powerful women in the world, was known for her intelligence, political savvy, and fierce determination. She and Justinian made a formidable team, guiding the Byzantine Empire through challenges and leaving behind a legacy that still fascinates people today. Theodora’s influence extended beyond politics—she was deeply involved in social reforms and religious matters, and her impact on the empire was as significant as the Hagia Sophia itself.

But their partnership was more than just about ruling an empire—it was also a remarkable love story. Justinian first met Theodora when she was an actress, a profession that many looked down upon. Despite the criticism, Justinian saw in her a sharp mind and a strong spirit, and he fell deeply in love. Defying tradition and the expectations of his court, he married her, and together they became one of history’s most powerful couples. Their love was evident in how they supported each other through both personal and political trials, with Justinian often turning to Theodora for advice. The Hagia Sophia, a product of their shared vision, stands as a symbol of their enduring bond and mutual respect.

10

The grand love story of Justinian and Theodora set the stage for the creation of the Hagia Sophia, a building that would reflect both their power and their devotion. This was not just a place of worship but a monument to their empire and their partnership. The architects Anthemius and Isidore were tasked with bringing this vision to life, and they did so with groundbreaking designs that pushed the limits of what was possible at the time. The result was a building unlike any other—a structure that seemed to reach toward the heavens, both in its physical form and in its spiritual significance.

One of the most incredible things about the Hagia Sophia is its massive dome, which seems to float high above the central part of the building. At the time it was built, this dome was the largest in the world, and even today, it’s an awe-inspiring sight. The architects used a clever combination of arches and pendentives (triangular sections that help support a dome) to make it look like the dome is almost weightless, hovering in the air. When sunlight streams through the forty windows at the base of the dome, it feels as if the dome is suspended from the heavens.

But the Hagia Sophia is more than just an architectural wonder. Inside, there’s a column known as the "Weeping Column," which is always damp, no matter what the weather is like. Legend has it that this column has healing powers, and for centuries, people have come here hoping to be cured of their ailments. The source of this moisture and the origins of the legend remain a mystery, adding to the building’s aura of the unknown.

15

The Hagia Sophia’s walls are covered in beautiful mosaics that tell stories of both religious devotion and the building’s complicated history. These mosaics, which were created when the Hagia Sophia was first built, show scenes from Christian teachings, including images of Jesus, Mary, and various saints. However, when the building was turned into a mosque in the 15th century, many of these mosaics were covered up according to Islamic traditions. Some of these mosaics have been uncovered in recent years, revealing images like the seraphim—six-winged angels that add to the mystical atmosphere of the place.

The Hagia Sophia has also played an important role in the political and cultural life of Istanbul. After nearly a thousand years as the Byzantine Empire’s main church, it became a mosque when the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople in 1453. It remained a mosque for almost 500 years until the Turkish government turned it into a museum in 1935, hoping to preserve its history for all people, regardless of their faith. In recent years, it was reconverted into a mosque, reflecting ongoing debates about religion and politics in Turkey.

20

Yet, despite all the changes it has undergone, the Hagia Sophia still holds many secrets. There are rumors of hidden tunnels and chambers beneath its floors, possibly filled with relics from the past. Although modern technology has allowed for detailed scans of the building, what might lie beneath remains a subject of speculation and curiosity. This only adds to the allure of the Hagia Sophia, making it a place where history and mystery are forever intertwined.

One of the most incredible things about the Hagia Sophia is its massive dome, which seems to float high above the central part of the building. At the time it was built, this dome was the largest in the world, and even today, it’s an awe-inspiring sight. The architects used a clever combination of arches and pendentives (triangular sections that help support a dome) to make it look like the dome is almost weightless, hovering in the air. When sunlight streams through the forty windows at the base of the dome, it feels as if the dome is suspended from the heavens.