Earth Science: Rocks and Minerals Multiple Choice Assessment

Group 1

• Rocks are pure substances, while minerals are mixtures.
• Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
• Atoms make up minerals, which then make up molecules.
• Rocks and minerals have the same chemical formulas.

• Was formed in a laboratory.
• Contains only one type of atom.
• Is not made from living or once-living organisms.
• Exists as a liquid at room temperature.

• Melting of rock into magma.
• Process that turns sediment into rock.
• Cooling of lava on the Earth's surface.
• Change of rock form due to intense heat and pressure.

• To change form.
• From fire.
• Layered or banded.
• Solidified sediment.

• The oldest rock layers are always at the top.
• Geologic processes today are different than in the past.
• The present is the key to the past.
• All minerals have the same internal crystal structure.

• Is made of rounded pebbles.
• Has a layered or banded appearance.
• Formed from cooling magma underground.
• Does not react to acid.

• The age of a rock measured in exact years.
• The age of an object compared to the age of another object.
• The amount of time it takes for a mineral to grow.
• The chemical composition of a rock layer.

• The oldest rock layer is at the bottom.
• Faults are always older than the rocks they cut.
• Magma always cools at the surface.
• Minerals with the same atoms have the same hardness.

• Compaction.
• Cementation.
• Solidification.
• Metamorphism.

• Being made of plant remains.
• Being made of fragments of other rocks.
• Its reaction to acid.
• Its formation from cooling lava.

• A vertical crack in the crust.
• A gap or missing time in the geologic record.
• The point where magma meets the surface.
• A layer of rock that has been folded.

• From fire.
• To change form.
• Of the earth.
• Hard as a diamond.

• A layer of sediment deposited by a river.
• Magma that pushes into existing rock layers.
• A gap in the rock record caused by erosion.
• A mineral used in the making of drywall.

• Shows distinct colored bands.
• Does not have a layered or banded appearance.
• Was formed by the compaction of sand.
• Contains fossils of ocean animals.

• Magma turns into a solid.
• Sediments are squeezed together by the weight of overlying layers.
• Rocks are broken down into smaller pieces.
• Crystals grow very large underground.

• Relative age.
• Absolute age.
• Uniformitarian age.
• Superposition age.

• Always deposited in vertical columns.
• Generally deposited in flat, horizontal layers.
• Only found at the bottom of the ocean.
• Older than the minerals they contain.

• Cooling lava.
• Living or once-living organisms.
• Chemicals precipitating out of water.
• Melted metamorphic rocks.

• Sediments turning into rock.
• Magma or lava cooling into igneous rock.
• Rock melting into magma.
• Heat and pressure changing a rock's form.

• Its external color.
• The orderly arrangement of its atoms.
• The location where it was found.
• Its use in industrial applications.

Group 2

• It is organic.
• It is not naturally occurring.
• It must be a solid at normal Earth conditions.
• It does not have an orderly structure.

• Naturally occurring.
• Fixed chemical formula.
• Inorganic.
• Solid.

• Gypsum.
• Talc.
• Fluorite.
• Diamond.

• Talc.
• Gypsum.
• Diamond.
• Graphite.

• Cooled very slowly deep underground.
• Cooled very quickly on the Earth's surface.
• Formed from the remains of sea shells.
• Was changed by intense pressure.

• Fluorite.
• Gypsum.
• Talc.
• Lead.

• The rock layer.
• The fault.
• They are the same age.
• The oldest layer at the bottom.

• Breccia.
• Conglomerate.
• Sandstone.
• Shale.

• Igneous.
• Sedimentary.
• Metamorphic.
• A pure mineral.

• Igneous.
• Sedimentary.
• Metamorphic.
• Magma.

• Diamond is naturally occurring while Graphite is not.
• Diamond is inorganic and Graphite is organic.
• They have different internal arrangements of atoms.
• Diamond is a rock and Graphite is a mineral.

• 31,000.
• 310,000.
• 3.1 million.
• 31 million.

• Sandstone.
• Coquina.
• Granite.
• Slate.

• Extrusive.
• Intrusive.
• Porphyritic.
• Sedimentary.

• It is younger than 10 million years.
• It is older than 10 million years.
• It is exactly 10 million years old.
• It is an igneous intrusion.

• A new metamorphic rock.
• An igneous rock.
• A sedimentary rock.
• Magma.

• Limestone.
• Shale.
• Conglomerate.
• Gneiss.

• Older than all the layers it cuts.
• Younger than all the layers it cuts.
• The same age as the bottom layer.
• A type of sedimentary rock.

• The one formed on the surface (Extrusive).
• The one formed deep underground (Intrusive).
• They will have the same size crystals.
• Minerals do not have crystals.

• A fault.
• An intrusion.
• An unconformity.
• Superposition.