2.3 Indian Ocean Trade — Sourcework Warm-Up

• An Arab king named Sulayman was forced out of Arabia. In 1203 he arrived on Pate Island (off Kenya) and married the local king’s daughter.- The Swahili had a custom: seven days after a wedding, the husband visits his wife’s father and receives a gift. When Sulayman visited, his “gift” was the whole kingdom of Pate.- In 1291, Sulayman’s great-grandson, Muhammad, became ruler and won many wars along the Swahili Coast.- Muhammad’s son, Sultan Umar, grew even more powerful and took control of all the Swahili towns.- In 1331, another descendant—also named Muhammad—ruled peacefully. He loved trade, sent merchants to India, and became very rich through Indian Ocean commerce.

The passage’s description of months-long stays in port most directly contributed to which development?

The need to “wait for the winds to shift direction” shows merchants relied most on…

Egyptian rulers providing armed escorts for karim fleets best illustrates which state strategy before 1450?

The passage’s reference to Hindus, Zoroastrians, Christians, Jews, and Muslims trading together most directly supports which claim?

“Large family firms with clients across the networks” best parallels which later economic development?

• 1100s–1400s: Muslim sea traders from Egypt wanted goods from China and Southeast Asia. They usually bought them on India’s southwest coast.- Sailing Egypt ↔ India was risky and slow. Ships often waited months in port for the winds to change.- For safety, merchants formed karim--, escorted trading fleets. Egyptian rulers provided armed protection, turning Red Sea–India trade into a regular, state-backed route.- These karim merchants ran big family firms with lots of money and partners spread across the network.- Trade was multi-faith. Muslims traded with Hindus, Zoroastrians, Christians, and Jews; they shared ships and stayed in the same caravanserai (traveler inns).- In Egypt, many Jewish traders worked inside Muslim-run business networks.

The author’s reference to “waiting for the winds to shift direction” best illustrates how Indian Ocean trade was shaped by

The merchants’ “long stays in harbors” most directly contributed to which development in port cities?

The description of rulers providing armed escorts for fleets best illustrates which type of state policy?

Based on the passage, the karim merchants’ activities were most likely focused on which category of goods?

What broader historical trend is illustrated by Muslim merchants working with Hindus, Jews, and Christians in shared networks?

Which technological or environmental knowledge most directly underpinned the successful voyages described in the passage?

The presence of Jewish merchants “operating within Muslim business networks” provides evidence for