Structure and Function of Different Types of Neurons

Group 1

• Motor neurons
• Interneurons
• Sensory neurons
• Glial cells

• To process information within the central nervous system
• To transmit signals from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles and glands
• To detect changes in the environment
• To support and protect neurons

• They connect sensory and motor neurons and are involved in reflexes.
• They are responsible for transmitting sensory information to the brain.
• They directly stimulate muscle contraction.
• They form the myelin sheath around axons.

• A long axon and multiple dendrites
• A single long dendrite and a short axon
• Multiple axons and no dendrites
• No axon and multiple dendrites

• To receive signals from other neurons
• To transmit signals away from the cell body
• To integrate sensory information
• To support and nourish the neuron

• Motor neurons
• Sensory neurons
• Interneurons
• Glial cells

• Axon
• Dendrites
• Cell body
• Myelin sheath

• To increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction
• To store neurotransmitters
• To generate electrical impulses
• To connect neurons to blood vessels

• Motor neurons
• Sensory neurons
• Interneurons
• All of the above

• Unipolar neurons have one process extending from the cell body, while multipolar neurons have multiple processes.
• Unipolar neurons are found only in the brain, while multipolar neurons are found in the spinal cord.
• Unipolar neurons are sensory neurons, while multipolar neurons are motor neurons.
• Unipolar neurons are involved in voluntary actions, while multipolar neurons are involved in involuntary actions.

• They have a long axon.
• They transmit signals to muscles.
• They have a short dendrite.
• They receive sensory input directly.

• Axon
• Dendrite
• Cell body
• Myelin sheath

• Sensory neuron
• Motor neuron
• Interneuron
• All of the above

• To transmit signals from the central nervous system to effectors
• To process information within the brain
• To detect and transmit sensory information to the central nervous system
• To form the blood-brain barrier

• To transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body
• To receive and integrate signals from other neurons
• To protect the neuron from damage
• To store neurotransmitters

• Sensory neurons
• Motor neurons
• Interneurons
• Glial cells

• Bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendrite, while multipolar neurons have one axon and multiple dendrites.
• Bipolar neurons are only found in the spinal cord, while multipolar neurons are found in the brain.
• Bipolar neurons are sensory neurons, while multipolar neurons are interneurons.
• Bipolar neurons are involved in voluntary actions, while multipolar neurons are involved in involuntary actions.

• Sensory neurons
• Motor neurons
• Interneurons
• Glial cells

• They have long axons that extend outside the central nervous system.
• They are typically multipolar and found within the central nervous system.
• They directly connect to sensory receptors.
• They form the myelin sheath around axons.

• To receive signals from other neurons
• To transmit signals to the next neuron or effector
• To generate electrical impulses
• To protect the neuron from damage